Modelo de avaliação da organização de sistemas agroindustriais: o caso da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel

Abstract

Energy is considered the engine of socio-economic development of industrial society. It is present in all stages of production. Thus, the constant threat of lack of energy makes the projection of development policies impracticable. Brazil is a country that tries to be inserted in the global economy and it cannot lose competitiveness because of lack of available energy. It is a country with a vast territorial extensions and a favorable climate to the production of different types of renewable fuel sources, especially the biodiesel, which strengthens the agribusiness by creating a new market for oleaginous plants, and reduces dependence on petroleum derivatives. The objective of this research is to evaluate the productive chain of biodiesel, in the state of the Rio Grande do Sul, located in Southern Region of Brazil, it is located among the main producing states. The research was based on the model structureconduct-performance (SCP), taking in consideration the transactions that occur between suppliers of raw materials and producers, and still the peculiarities of the agro-industrial systems in an environment subject to the external shocks. To allow one better understanding of the information collected during field research, the tool of modeling of information Integration Definition Language 0 (IDEF0) was used, it serves as the base to structure the analyzed environment. The results showed that the production of biodiesel is characterized as incipient and strong due to the actions of the federal government, what generates a series of market imperfections that, consequently, generate the productive inefficiency for sector. Its demand totally based on sales through public auctions, with few buyers. The crucial variables of dispute in the market are price and product quality (adequacy to the specifications). There are very expectations on the opening of the exportation market, as well as the release of the commercialization of the production really competitive levels and conditions. The main strain for the new firms is the raw material attainment in amount and the determined specifications to keep the quality of the final product. It became clear that despite the high competitiveness of the sector, in proportion to the limited market, there is certain level of cooperation and exchange of information among the organizations, mainly when it deals with a common problem to the sector as a whole. The cooperation is narrower and of active form among the firms and suppliers of raw material, that is justified by the necessity to guarantee the amount and the quality of materials programmed. For this, there are technical aid programs of incentive to alternative cultures, making an effort to diversify the productive matrix.