Efeitos da quercetina na atividade da cetilcolinesterase, na peroxidação lipídica e nos testes comportamentais em ratos diabéticos induzidos por estreptozotocina

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia, is a chronic condition that arises when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body can not effectively use the insulin produced.The condition of chronic hyperglycemia promotes an imbalance between the production of free radicals and endogenous antioxidant defense, causing oxidative stress and finally lipid peroxidation, structures and cell membranes rich in lipids. Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonoid that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is therefore investigated as a possible adjuvant in the treatment of diabetes. In this study we analyzed the actions of excess free radicals, promoted by type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM T1) at both systemic and mainly in the cholinergic system. Moreover, the possible effects of antioxidant protection and anti-inflammatory of QUE were analysed. We used 130 male Wistar rats, weighing 160 to 250 g and divided into 2 groups: non-diabetic and diabetic, which are divided into 5 treatments: 0.9% saline, 25% ethanol and QUE (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg).The induction of DM T1 occurred with a single intraperitoneal injection of 70 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Fifteen days later, the treatment with QUE for 40 days started. At the end of the experiment behavioral tests and collection of biological material (blood and tissues) were performed. The untreated diabetic group compared to non-diabetic control showed: reduction of the islets and beta-cell population, weight loss, chronic hyperglycemia, leukopenia associated with neutropenia, decreased insulin and albumin, increase in fructosamine, triglycerides, urea, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), in addition to protein fractions of beta and gamma globulin.The increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels was accompanied by a reduction in the concentration of hepatic superoxide dismutase. Failed aversive memory formation and anxious behavior were observed in these animals, as well as increase in the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain structures and sites (cortex, hippocampus, striatum and synaptosomes) and TBARS (cortex, hippocampus and striatum). Diabetic rats treated with QUE in relation to diabetic control had increased albumin (50 mg/kg), reduction in betaglobulins (25 and 50 mg/kg) and gamma globulins (50 mg/kg), decreased triglycerides (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg). Quercetin reverted the aversive memory failure and showed anxiolytic properties. AChE activity were decreased in the cortex (50 mg/kg), hippocampus (5 and 50 mg/kg) and synaptosomes (50 mg/kg). Levels of TBARS were reduced in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg). Quercetin increased the concentration of insulin in non-diabetic and diabetic groups (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg). When administered in non-diabetic animals, QUE increased the uneasiness of the animals (50 mg/kg) increased AChE activity in the hippocampus (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg), striatum (5 mg/kg) and synaptosomes (25 mg/kg), lowering in the cortex (5 mg/kg), furthermore, increased the level of TBARS in the cortex (25 mg/kg).From these results we conclude that QUE have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which may be used in conjunction with treatment of diabetes. However, it also had undesirable properties, such as pro-oxidant effect and induces insulin resistance.