Fundamentos conceituais da determinação do geóide pelo método gravimétrico

Abstract

Fundamental concepts of gravimetric geoid determination with the objective to didatic methodology. It s described that the study of the real Earth have a large number of variable, what becomes impracticable the problem solution. It is studied then, the behavior of the real Earth by means of the parameter determinations of the normal Earth. Ellipsoid of revolution is used as surface mathematically defined and it represents better the real Earth. The geoid determination consists of the determination of the geoidal undulation N and the deflection of the vertical θ , that is decomposed in the meridian component ξ (also called north-south component) and in the component prime vertical η (also called east-west component). The geoid undulation is given by the Stokes integral in function of the gravity anomalies and as the deflection of the vertical components are determined by the Vening-Meinesz s formulas. It is deduced the Legendre s polynomials, that are functions for the solution of the Stokes integral. It is described the potential theory of the gravity. It is showed that the horizontal geodesic networks (reference points with latitude and longitude geodetic coordinates) and the vertical geodetic networks (reference points with heights) require, in its models, quantities from the geoid determination