Evolução do uso e cobertura da terra e sua correlação com a declividade do terreno, em Santa Margarida do Sul - RS

Abstract

The remote sensing allows to follow the transformations of space over time. This work aims to analyze the evolution of the use and land cover in the municipality of Santa Margarida do Sul - RS, with the classification / image processing Landsat-5/TM through an assessment multitemporal correlating land use to declivity of terrain. The methodology consisted in the analysis of a distinct temporal series between the years 1985 and 2010, generating representative landscape information enabling the distribution of classes of land cover and land use in relation to hypsometry of terrain. The spatial analysis was based on LEGAL language, running on SPRING software, with which were also prepared thematic maps, using the method of classification by maximum verisimilitude (GML). In this process, were generated data that allowed the use and land cover spatial analysis, thereby defining the parameters necessary to evaluate the dynamics of forest and agricultural developments. The main results showed the predominance of grazing in the regional landscape, occupying 47% of the area, in the last date, the wide dissemination of the crop fields, and also the reduction of forest areas and regeneration, at 1.346,070 ha. According to the correlation between use and land cover and slope classes were observed some environmental conflicts caused by agricultural practices in inappropriate places. It is concluded that the temporal analysis of the municipality, using the classification of digital images proved relevant to identify the processes responsible for the changes that occurred during the analyzed period, and also the intensity.