Participación de NAD(P)H oxidasa4 y quinasa c-Jun N-terminal en la diferenciación miofibroblástica de fibroblastos mamarios humanos en respuesta al factor de crecimiento transformante-[beta]1

Abstract

Brest tumors belong to a group of neoplastic lesions known as desmoplastics or scirrhous tumors which, under the influence of tumor cell factors, originate a fibrous structure responsible for the hard consistency of the tumor mass. This fibrotic process occurs during early stages of the disease, it is orchestrated by activated fibroblast i.e. myofibroblast and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Activation of the stromal compartment is a critical step in tumor progression, enabling the epithelial acquisition of malignant properties, such as invasive and metastatic capacities. In the present study, we investigated the myofibroblastic differentiation of normal human mammary fibroblast RMF-EG, induced by TGF-β1, a growth factor secreted by tumor cells and abundant in tumor microenvironment. Our results reveal that a 5ng/mL TGF-β1 stimulus increased the expression of myofibroblast marker α-SMA and CTGF, a molecule associated to several fibrotic disorders. Using a NOX inhibitor (DPI) and a siRNA for NOX4, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 promoted an oxidative environment that favors myofibroblastic differentiation of RMF-EG cells. We also determined that TGF-β1-dependant activation of JNK1,2 was essential for CTGF, NOX4 and α-SMA increased expression. We assessed the influence of JNK1,2 activation and NOX4 activity on canonical Smad2,3 activation. Our results reveal that the TGF-β1-dependant increase of NOX4 expression and JNK1,2 phosphorylation induced a synergical activation of the canonical TGF-β1 pathway, Smad2,3.Taken together, these results demonstrate that TGF-β1 promotes myofibroblastic differentiation of normal fibroblasts RMF-EG through a mechanism that requires JNK1,2 activation, early increase of CTGF and NOX4 expression with a consequent increase of intracellular ROS levels