Actores no estatales: grupos armados, milicias, señores de la guerra, grupos criminales organizados y paramilitares. ¿Pueden acaso estos grupos cometer crímenes internacionales conforme al Derecho penal internacional?

Abstract

The legacy of international criminal tribunals of the UN, the ICTY and the ICTR have been clear and consistent in a leading case law to respond affirmatively to those groups of individuals formed by actors 'Non-state' as armed groups, militias, lords war, paramilitary and even organized crime groups are capable of committing international crimes under international criminal law, namely genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. The ICC has taken this legacy and today we know that, with or without the complicity of state authorities, and from the limited jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court, that these groups commit war crimes as it was established in Case Lubanga Katanga 2012 and 2014 respectively. Crimes against humanity from the decision to open an investigation into Kenya in 2010 where despite discrepancies the tribunal took the position that these organized groups, with some sort of hierarchy and capable of violating human rights can be considered 'organization' within the meaning of Article 7 of the Rome Statute. The commission of genocide by these groups in the ICC do not find it yet, but the legacy left by the ICTR and the ICTY is powerful and eloquent. (editor)