Reading and Spelling of Orthographically Complex Words: Predictive Skills

Abstract

This paper analyzed the interaction between phonological processes and the acquisition of orthographic knowledge in children learning to read and spell in Spanish. The study explored which abilities predicted the orthographic knowledge involved in the recognition and spelling of words including inconsistent correspondences. A longitudinal study was conducted with 46 1st to 3rd grade children. At the beginning of 1st grade children were given tests evaluating abilities that are considered potential predictors of orthographic knowledge acquisition. At the end of 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades tests of reading and spelling of orthographically complex words as well as of pseudowords were administered. Results from the reading and spelling tests showed that at the beginning children read and spell through phonological processing and that starting 2nd grade orthographic knowledge increases. This knowledge was predicted by rapid naming abilities as well as fluency in letter writing.