Diseño y validación de Screening Cardiovascular Preparticipativo en Actividades Físicas (SCAF) dirigidas a una población infantil entre 5 y 15 años

Abstract

Background: There are protocols for the evaluation prior to participation in physical activities to detect silent heart diseases that can manifest during practice, these assessments are at competitive levels, but very few are found at recreational level. Objective: To design and validate an instrument for the detection of possible symptoms of cardiovascular disease alert in children between 5 and 15 years prior to participation in physical-sports activities during physical education class. Method: An observational, cross-sectional methodology was used for the study and its design and validation was developed in five phases. The first with literature review, collection of screening questionnaires and preparation of the question bank. The second, selection of the questions and design of the questionnaire. The third, the validity of appearance, composed of adaptation and linguistic comprehension, and assessment of clarity, precision and understanding in a holistic manner with both the white population and the experts. Simultaneously the fourth phase, content validation by experts. The fifth, evaluation of reliability. Results: After reviewing the literature on pre-participative screening in physical and sports activities, 14 questionnaires were collected, which resulted in a 91-item bank that eventually produced a questionnaire of 16 questions with a level of understanding 91,47 % and a concordance between V. Aiken judges of 0.82. The general internal consistency and of each domain with K-20 was 0.839 and the temporal consistency with kappa was 0.73. Conclusion: An instrument with adequate language is provided for a school population between 5 and 15 years old, whose process was validated by experts, with good temporal stability and adequate internal consistency.