Alteraciones respiratorias durante el sueño en niños con Síndrome Down a la altura de Bogotá

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of sleep apnea syndromes (SAS) and pulmonary hypertension (PHT) and set the oxygen saturation (SpO2) during wakefulness, sleep and events in children with Down syndrome (DS) living in Bogota (2640m) according to age groups and BMI. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study, we included all children with DS referred to Fundación Neumológica Colombiana to make a polysomnogram (PSG) between October 2011 and January 2013. They were divided into 3 groups: obstructive sleep apnea, central and obstructive apnea, without apnea. Results: 74 children, 36. 5% women, mean age 4 years. 47. 3% showed obstructive apnea, more common in > 2 years, 35. 1% central and obstructive apnea more common in < 2 years, and 17. 6% without apnea. Average SpO2 in obstructive apnea 84. 63%, central and obstructive apnea: 81. 8% without apnea: 86. 85% (p 0. 058). 23% showed obesity, 16% with obstructive apnea. 53 patients had echocardiography: PHT 28%, 53. 3% obstructive apnea and 26. 7% central and obstructive apnea, no significant differences. Average SpO2 in PHT 88. 3% wake, 86. 2% REM sleep, 85. 7% non-REM sleep, no significant difference compared with patients without PHT. Conclusions: SAS are common in children with DS; desaturation is present in children with DS independent of the kind of sleep apnea. All DS children should have a PSG in the first year of life.