Factores de riesgo para la transmisión vectorial de Trypanosoma cruzi en La Mesa, Cundinamarca

Abstract

Introduction. The municipality of La Mesa records triatomines of the species Panstrongylus geniculatus, Rhodnius colombiensis and Rhodnius prolixus, and it is necessary to update entomological indicators and risk factors for intervention and control of Chagas disease in the municipality. Methodology. Analytical cross-sectional study. Random sampling by two-stage conglomerates for triatomine collection and housing surveys. The detection of trypanosomes in triatomines was by observation of rectal content and conventional PCR. Results In 21 of the 207 houses inspected, specimens of R. colombiensis were collected (13 individuals, 8 males and 5 females, 9 in rural area and 4 in urban area) and P. geniculatus (19 individuals, 5 males, 11 females and 3 nymphs, 6 in rural area and 13 in urban area). Scattering Indices 75%, Infestation 10%, Infection 65%, Colonization 4.7%, Density 15% and Concentration 152%. The presence of triatomines, the existence of enramadas, cracks and crevices in floors, accumulated objects and knowledge about Chagas disease were associated. The risk of having whistles in urban housing is 5.7 times the risk in rural areas (CI 0.508-67.567); 6.6 times in homes with cracked floors (CI 0.555-81.994), 6 times in dwellings located close to branches (CI 0.820-44.781) and 6.16 times in those with accumulated objects (CI 1.542-39.238). Discussion. There is a need to intensify the surveillance activities of the event, especially in changing aspects of the transmission dynamics of Chagas disease, such as urbanization and the type of housing associated with the presence of the vector.