Descripción matemática con dimensiones fractales de células normales y con anormalidades citológicas de cuello uterino

Abstract

Introduction. The fractal geometry has shown to be adapted in the mathematical description of irregular objects; this measurement has denominated fractal dimension. The application of the fractal analysis to measure the contours of the normal cells as well as those that present some type of abnormality, has shown the possibility of mathematical characterization of its irregularity. Objectives. To measure, from the fractal geometry cells of the squamous epithelium of uterine neck classified like normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and Low Grade Intraepitelial Lesion (L-SIL), diagnosed by means of microscopic observation, in search of mathematical measurements that distinguish them. Methodology. This is an exploratory descriptive study in which the fractal dimensions were calculated, with the simplified and the conventional box counting method, of the cellular and nuclear contours of 13 normal and with abnormalities cells of the scaly epithelium of uterine neck like ASC-US and L-SIL, from digital photographies of 7 normal cells, 2 ASC-US and 4 L-SIL diagnosed with cytomorphologic criteria by means of microscopic conventional observation. Results. There developed a quantitative, objective and reproducible measurement of the degree of irregularity in the cells of the scaly epithelium of uterine neck identified microscopically like normal, ASCUS y LEI BG. Conclusions an fractal organization was demonstrated in the cellular normal architecture, as well as in cells ASC-US and the injuries intraepiteliales of low degree L-SIL. They did not find differences between the cellular studied types.