Acoso laboral en trabajadores del sector salud: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: mobbing or labor harassment is a matter of interest in the field of Occupational Health, which generates conflicts in workers and organizations, with consequences such as loss of productivity and health problems in workers. Occupational harassment and the phenomena of violence at work can also be frequent in the health sector, so it is important to analyze this problem in order to propose future interventions for the prevention of workplace harassment. Objective: to assess the impact of workplace harassment on workers in the health sector and establish prevalence, through the identification and systematic description of available scientific evidence. Methodology: a systematic review of the publications in force between 2008 and 2017 on the effects of workplace harassment on workers in the health sector was conducted. Articles available in Spanish and English were selected in the Medline, Scopus and ProQuest databases. In the search, 485 articles were obtained, of which 37 met the selection criteria. Results: the type of harassment that predominated in the workers was verbal abuse, with prevalences ranging from 28.1% to 60%. The information related to physical abuse in some cases is compared with verbal, however, the studies found report very variable prevalence figures between 6.8% and 61.5%. Sexual harassment is reported in a low proportion in some reports with figures below 1%, although it is mentioned that this could reach a higher value estimated by the low report of these cases, so silence is a determining factor in this type of abuse Conclusions: The results obtained showed that the harassment of workers in the health sector, mainly affects women under 30, in these cases a negative impact on work performance was evidenced, in addition, this factor is reported as a possible trigger of depression and other health problems.