Factores asociados al desarrollo de formas sintomáticas de hipercalciuria idiopática en niños de la Fundación Cardioinfantil

Abstract

Idiopathic Hypercalciuria (IH) is a metabolic disease, in most cases asymptomatic, but some patients express complaints consistent with hematuria, polaquiuria, dysuria, urinary incontinence, enuresis and abdominal or back pain, that affects activities of children, can lead to repetitive consult and secundary cost. Is necessary the clinical suspect for oportune diagnosis and treatment. Objective. To determine the factors that hasten the development of symptomatic Hypercalciuria: calciuria magnitude, urolithiasis family history, gender, age and urinary excretion of calcium oxalate. The final purpose is to spread the knowledge of the disease in the medical community. Materials and methods. We studied 60 children between two and thirteen years with IH diagnosis at an outpatient clinic, in a not matched case-control study (1,4 : 1 ratio), to determine the relationship between factors and IH symptoms. In stadistical analysis of associations we used the Fisher test and Chi squared of Pearson in significancy level of 5% (p<0.05). For determine the association force we calculed the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Also, the variables that in conjunct explain symptomatic IH, controling the confussional variables with an inconditional logistic regression analysis, with a significancy level of 5% (p<0.05). Results. We established the associations betwen the folowing factors and symptomatic IH: male gender (p = 0.006; OR = 6.2; IC = 1.6-24.5) and calciuria magnitude (p = 0,003). With low stadistic difference, we found positive family history of urolithiasis (p = 0.018; OR 4.889 (IC = 1.26-19.48) and age increment (p = 0.044). The presence of urine calium oxalate doesn’t show relation with IH symptoms (p = 0.2; OR = 0.59; IC = 0.17-1.49). Conclusions. Children with elevated values of calciuria (above 6 mg/kg/day) and male gender, may have a higher risk of symptomatic IH. Urolithiasis familiar history and age increment were frequent in patients with symptoms, without stadistic diferences. The presence of urine calcium oxalate doesn’t influence IH symptoms.