Seguridad de los antipsicoticos en embarazo en pacientes con psicosis. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Mental illness in pregnant psychosis has been associated with more negative outcomes. Psychotic symptoms in pregnancy are approximately 7.1 per 100,000 cases. Among the consequences include increased risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, placental abnormalities, cardiovascular malformations and higher prevalence rate of perinatal deaths. As frequent therapeutic approach are first generation antipsychotics, accepted as safe but to a lesser extent have considered second-generation antipsychotics has been poorly evaluated for their safety during pregnancy. There is still controversy about the potential side effects of some antipsychotics given conflicting results. Methods: A systematic literature review of articles that provide better evidence to determine which antipsychotics of choice during pregnancy in patients with schizophrenia according to its safety profile. Were assessed methodological quality and special recognition results of the included studies. Results: To 39 studies selected, five were included in this review, ranking as evidence level IIa and assessed methodological quality NOS segment. Were assessed antipsychotic placental, fetal malformations, obstetric complications such as preterm delivery, low and high fetal weight, respiratory complications, gestational diabetes, spontaneous abortion, among others. Discussion: They must weigh the risk-benefit analysis, the statistical significance, the clinical significance and characteristics of the patients treated. Conclusion: The analyzed studies evaluated different antipsychotic medications, making consolidation of information especially on sound conclusions to some premises as drugs of choice.