Artículos de revistas
Descentralização e coordenação federativa: a experiência brasileira na saúde
Fecha
2009Registro en:
Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v.14, n.3, p.807-817, 2009
1413-8123
10.1590/S1413-81232009000300016
Autor
VIANA, Ana Luiza d'Ávila
MACHADO, Cristiani Vieira
Institución
Resumen
O artigo aborda as relações intergovernamentais em saúde nos vinte anos de implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde, à luz da trajetória histórica do federalismo brasileiro e de suas implicações para a saúde. Inicialmente faz uma revisão teórico-conceitual dos temas federalismo, proteção social e coordenação federativa na saúde, considerando o debate internacional e a análise histórica do caso brasileiro. A seguir, analisa a atuação federal na coordenação intergovernamental da política nacional de saúde no período de implantação do SUS, a partir de uma pesquisa acerca do papel do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro de 1990 a 2002, que envolveu análise documental e realização de entrevistas com dirigentes federais e outros atores da política nacional. Observou-se que a política de saúde registrou nos últimos vinte anos mudanças em cinco atributos relevantes para a caracterização do federalismo: os arranjos institucionais e regras para decisões no governo federal; o conjunto de atores com base territorial; os arranjos jurídico-legais para definir responsabilidades entre níveis de governo; os arranjos fiscais intergovernamentais; os arranjos informais entre governos, verticais e horizontais. This article deals with intergovernmental relations in health within the 20 years of implantation of the Unified Health System (SUS), in the light of the historical course of Brazilian federalism and its implications to health. Initially, a theoretical-conceptual review was carried out on the topic of federalism, social welfare and federative coordination of health, considering the international debate and the historical analysis of the Brazilian case. Following, the article analyzes the federal performance in the intergovernmental coordination of national health policy during the period of implantation of SUS, based on a research about the role of the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 1990 to 2002, which involved documental analysis and interviews with federal officers and other players in national politics. It was observed that health policies registered, in the past 20 years, changes in five relevant aspects that characterize federalism: institutional arrangements and rules for decisions in the federal government; the set of players with territorial basis; legal arrangements to define responsibilities among government levels; intergovernmental tax arrangements; informal arrangements among governments - vertically and horizontally.
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