Estudio Exploratorio del efecto de variables edafoclimáticas en la viticultura de riego y secano interior región del Maule

Abstract

This exploratory study examines the different soil and climatic variables are the cultivation of Vitis vinifera L. production systems with and without irrigation, the South Central of the Region Maule, in one dimension temporal-space through the use Geographic Information Systems (GIS), identifying those variables that showed a higher degree of association between them by means of Principal Component Factor Analysis, and the degree of differentiation between the years through the analysis of variance (ANOVA), in order to discern fluctuations in the normal pattern of yield and maturity parameters of the fruit of the vine, in different site conditions (wine centers) during the seasons 2006 to 2010.

The spatial study allowed us to recognize the value of each of the variables (temperature, precipitation), soil (orientation, slope) and crop (agricultural management, age and density planting, crop vegetative activity), as records of productivity (production and rate of maturity) of each center locations or wine products. For its part, the temporal dimension identified fluctuations of the variables and the parameters of productivity during 2006 and 2010 in rainfed and irrigation conditions.

The analysis concluded that digital information that weather conditions are crucial to the final results of production and quality of the grape, and the activity vegetative levels of the crop of grapes, in both production systems (with and without irrigation), especially during the occurrence of La Niña climate event, the effect of which generated strong fluctuations in the magnitudes of these parameters of productivity and vegetative expression, especially in rainfed productive condition.