The control of gene expression in precise time and space is a desirable attribute of chemically inducible systems. Ethanol is a chemical inducer with favourable features, such as being inexpensive and easy to apply. The aim of this study was to identify ethanol-responsive genes in sugarcane. The cDNA macroarray technique was adopted to identify transcript changes in sugarcane leaves (Saccharum spp. cv SP80-3280) exposed to ethanol. The expression profiles of sugarcane genes were analysed using nylon filters containing 3,575 cDNA clones from the leaf roll library of the SUCEST project. Seventy expressed sequence tags (ESTs) presented altered expression patterns, including ESTs corresponding to genes related to transcriptional and translational processes, abiotic stress and others. Several genes of unknown function were also identified. Among the 48 ESTs up-regulated by ethanol, an abiotic stress-responsive protein and an unknown function gene presented rapid induction by ethanol. The macroarray data of selected ethanol-responsive EST were confirmed by RNA-blot hybridisation. The expression profile of the 48 up-regulated genes was compared in two other cultivars: SP89-1115 and SP90-3414. Surprisingly, no gene showed a similar expression profile in the three cultivars. This result suggests that sugarcane plants have a high diversity in their responses to ethanol.262119-28