[No abstract available] 5364Tiempos, L., Cultivos de achiote crecen, pero no cubre la demanda (2004), www.lostiempos.com/noticias/31-08-04/31_08_04_eco6.phpFAO entrega resultados positivos de programa contra deforestación (2006), http://www.un.org/spanish/News/printnews.asp?newsID=6627, Servicio de Noticias de las Naciones Unidas, BolíviaMarinozzi, G., Canto-Leite, W., Roma, S.B., Oliveira, E., Fortalecimento organizacional e institucional para construção coletiva da competitividade nos sistemas agro-alimentares localizados: o caso do cluster da curcuma em Mara Rosa-GO (2001) Estabelecimento de Tecnologia para o Fortalecimento de Agronegócio do Açafrão, , (Curcuma longa L.) em Mara Rosa-GOFranco, C.F.O., Silva, F.C.P., Cazé-Filho, J., Barreiro-Neto, M., São José, A.B., Rebouças, T.N.H., Fontinélli, I.S.C., Urucuzeiro: Agronegócio de Corantes Naturais (2002), EMEPA-PB, João PessoaIrobi, O.N., Mooyoung, M., Anderson, W.A., Antimicrobial activity of annatto (Bixa orellana) extract (1996) Int. J. Pharmacogn., 34, pp. 87-90Kiokias, S., Gordon, M.H., Antioxidant properties of annatto carotenoids (2003) Food Chem., 83, pp. 523-529Cardarelli, C.R., Benassi, M.T., Mercadante, A.Z., Characterization of different annatto extracts based on antioxidant and colour properties (2008) LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 41, pp. 1689-1693Montenegro, M.A., De, A., Rios, O., Mercadante, A.Z., Nazareno, M.A., Borsarelli, C.D., Model studies on the photosensitized isomerization of bixin (2004) J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, pp. 367-373De, A., Rios, O., Mercadante, A.Z., Borsarelli, C.D., Triplet state energy of the carotenoid bixin determined by photoacustic calorimetry (2007) Dyes Pigm., 74, pp. 561-565Rodrigues-Silva, C., Antunes, L.M.G., Bianchi, M.L., Antioxidant action of bixin against cisplatin-induced chromosome aberrations and lipid peroxidation in rats (2001) Pharmacol. Res., 43, pp. 561-566Agner, A.R., Bazo, A.P., Ribeiro, L.R., Salvadori, D.M.F., DNA damage and aberrant crypt foci as putative biomarkers to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) in rat colon carcinogenesis (2005) Mut. Res., 582, pp. 146-154Aggarwal, B.B., Kumar, A., Bharti, A.C., Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and clinical studies (2003) Anticancer Res., 23, pp. 363-398Choudhuri, T., Pal, S., Agwarwal, M.L., Das, T., Sa, G., Curcumin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through p53-dependent Bax induction (2002) FEBS Lett., 512, pp. 334-340Mazumber, A., Raghavan, K., Weinstein, J., Kohn, K.W., Pommer, Y., Inhibition on human immunodeficiency virus type I integrase by curcumin (1995) Biochem. Pharmacol., 49, pp. 1165-1170Huang, H.C., Jan, T.R., Yeh, S.F., Inhibitory effect of curcumin, an anti-inflamatory agent, on vascular muscle cell proliferation (1992) Eur. J. Pharmacol., 221, pp. 381-384Mares-Perlman, J.A., Millen, A.E., Ficek, T.L., Hankinson, S.E., The body of evidence to support a protective role for lutein and zeaxanthin in delaying chronic disease. Overview (2002) J. Nutr., 132, pp. 518S-524SAstner, S., Wu, A., Chen, J., Philips, N., Rius-Diaz, F., Parrado, C., Mihn, M.C., Gonzalez, S., Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin partially reduces photoaging and photocarcinogenesis in chronically UVB-irradiated Skh-1 hairless mice (2007) Skin Pharmac. Physiol., 20, pp. 283-291Brown, L., Rimm, E.B., Seddon, J.M., Giovanucci, E.L., A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 70, p. 517Snodderly, M.D., Evidence for protection against age-related macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidants vitamins (1995) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 62, pp. 1448S-1461SStringham, J.M., Hammond, B.R., Dietary lutein and zeaxanthin: possible effects on visual function (2005) Nutr. Rev., 63, pp. 59-64Ko, T.S., Maeng, H.Y., Park, M.K., Park, I.S., Kim, B.S., Cu+2-anthraquinone complexes-formation, interaction with DNA, and biological activity (1994) B. Korean Chem. Soc., 15, pp. 364-368Summary and conclusions of the Sixty-Seventh Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committe on Food Additives (JECFA) (2006), FAO/WHO, RomeSummary of evaluations performed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Commitee on Food Additives-Curcumin (2004), http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jeceval/jec_460.htm, JECFASummary of evaluations performed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Commitee on Food Additives-Lutein from Tagetes erecta (2004), http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jeceval/jec_1289.htm, JECFAGreig, J.B., Cochineal extract, carmine, and carminic acid in WHO Food Additives Series (2003), p. 46. , http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v46je03.htmEvans, W.C., Trease and Evans' Pharmacognosy (2002), 15th edition, W. B. Saunders, EdinburghPreston, H.D., Rickard, M.D., Extraction and chemistry of annatto (1980) Food Chem., 8, pp. 47-56Rebouças, T.N.H., São José, A.R., A cultura do urucum: práticas de cultivo e comercialização (1996), DFZ/UESB/SBCN, Vitória da ConquistaLauro, G.J., A primer on natural colors (1991) Cereal Foods World, 36, pp. 949-953Mercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Pfander, H., Britton, G., Isolation of methyl 90Z-apo-60-lycopenoate from Bixa orellana (1996) Phytochemistry, 41, pp. 1201-1203Mercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Pfander, H., Isolation and identification of new apocarotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds (1997) J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, pp. 1050-1054Mercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Pfander, H., Isolation and structure elucidation of minor carotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds (1997) Phytochemistry, 46, pp. 1379-1383Mercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Pfander, H., Three minor carotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds (1999) Phytochemistry, 52, pp. 135-139Mercadante, A.Z., Ames, J.M., Hofmann, T.F., Chemistry and Physiology of Selected Food Colorants (2001) American Chemical Society, , Washington, Composition of carotenoids from annattoTocchini, L., Mercadante, A.Z., Extraction and determination of bixin and norbixin, by HPLC, in annatto spice ('colorifico'), Ciênc (2001) Tecnol. Aliment., 21, pp. 310-313De, A., Rios, O., Borsarelli, C.D., Mercadante, A.Z., Thermal degradation kinetics of bixin in an aqueous model system (2005) J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, pp. 2307-2311Scotter, M.J., Characterization of the coloured thermal degradation products of bixin from annatto and a revised mechanism for their formation (1995) Food Chem., 53, pp. 177-185Mckeown, G.G., Composition of oil-soluble annatto food colors. 3. Structure of the yellow pigment formed by the thermal degradation of bixin (1965) J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 48, pp. 835-857Major colorants and dyestuffs entering international trade (1995) Natural Colourants and Dyestuffs, , FAO/WHO, Non-Wood Forest Products Series, RomeSilva, G.F., Gamarra, F.M.C., Oliveira, A.L., Cabral, F.A., Extraction of bixin from annatto seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide (2007) Braz. J. Chem. Engng, , in pressAndersen, S.G., Nair, M.G., Chandra, A., Morrison, E., Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of annatto seeds and quantification of trans-bixin by pressure liquid chromatography (1997) Phytochem. Anal., 8, pp. 247-249Degnan, A.J., Vonelbe, J.H., Hartel, R.W., Extraction of annatto seed pigment by supercritical carbon-dioxide (1991) J. Food Sci., 56, pp. 1655-1659Levy, L.W., Rivadeneira, D.M., Annatto (2000) Natural Food Colorants: Science and Technology, , in G. L. Lauro and F. J. Francis (eds), Marcel Dekker, New YorkLegislação Brasileira para Alimentos (2007), http://anvisa.gov.br/legis/index.html, Ministério da Saúde do BrasilPeru: Estadística Agraria 2000 (2002), Ministerio de Agricultura do Peru, DGIA-MINAG, LimaMajor colourants and dyestuffs mainly produced in horticultural systems (1995) Natural Colourants and Dyestuffs, , FAO/WHO, Non-Wood Forest Products Series, RomeSouza, C.R.A., Gloria, M.B.A., Chemical analysis of turmeric fromMinas Gerais, Brazil and comparison of methods for flavour free oleoresin (1998) Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 41, pp. 218-224Bambirra, M.L.A., Junqueira, R.G., Glória, M.B.A., Influence of post harvest processing conditions on yield and quality of ground turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (2002) Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 45, pp. 423-429Began, G., Goto, M., Kodama, A., Hirose, T., Response surfaces of total oil yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in supercritical carbon dioxide (2000) Food Res. Int., 33, pp. 341-345Méndez, A.L.C., Machado, N.T., Araújo, M.E., Maia, J.G., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical CO2 extraction of curcumins and essential oil from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (2000) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, pp. 4729-4733Braga, M.E.M., Leal, P.F., Carvalho, J.E., Meireles, M.A.A., Comparison of yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extracts obtained using various techniques (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, pp. 6604-6611Braga, M.E.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Accelerated solvent extraction and fractioned exctraction to obtain the Curcuma longa volatile oil and oleoresin (2007) J. Food Process Engng, 30, pp. 501-521Socaciu, C., Natural pigments as food colorants (2007) Food Colorants-Chemical and Functional Properties, , in C. Socaciu (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FloridaQuackenbush, F.W., Miller, S.L., Composition and analysis of the carotenoids in marigold petals (1972) J. Assoc. Off. Anal.Chem., 55, pp. 617-621Gregory, G.K., Chen, T.-S., Philip, T., Quantitative analysis of lutein esters in marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) by high performance liquid chromatography (1986) J. Food Sci., 51, pp. 1093-1094Rivas, J.D.L., Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of lutein and lutein fatty acid esters from marigold flower petal powder (1989) J. Chromatogr., 464, pp. 442-447Hadden, W.L., Watkins, R.H., Levy, L.W., Regalado, E., Rivadeneira, D.M., Van Breemen, R.B., Schwartz, S.J., Carotenoid composition of marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower extract used as nutritional supplement (1999) J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, pp. 4189-4194Delgado-Vargas, F., Paredes-López, O., Effects of enzymatic treatments of marigold flowers on lutein isomeric profiles (1997) J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, pp. 1097-1102Lloyd, A.G., Extraction and chemistry of cochineal (1980) Food Chem., 5, pp. 91-107Salas-Guerra, L., La tuna: derivados, precios y aproveichamiento en el Perú, monografia in la Facultad Ciencias Administrativas y Gestión de Recursos Humanos de la Universidad San Martín de Porres (2007), www.monografias.com, Lima, PeruDapson, R.W., A method for determining identity and relative purity of carmine, carminic acid and aminocarminic acid (2005) Biotechnic Histochem., 80, pp. 201-205Sugimoto, N., Kawasaki, Y., Sato, K., Aoki, H., Ichi, T., Koda, T., Yamazaki, T., Maitani, T., Structure of acid-stable carmine (2002) J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan, 43, pp. 18-23Aldama-Aguillera, C., Llanderal-Cazáres, C., Soto-Hernández, M., Castillo-Márquez, L., Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) production in prickly pear plants in the open and in microtunnel greenhouses (2005) Agrociencia, 39, pp. 161-171Barriga-Ruiz, C.A., Cochineal production in Peru (1994) FAO Expert Consultation Meeting on Non-wood Forest Products in Latin America, , Santiago