Ceylon gooseberry is a deep-purple exotic berry that is being produced in Brazil with great market potential. This work aimed to determine major phenolic compounds in this specie by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS. Samples were collected in two different seasons. Pulp and skin were analyzed separately. Non-acylated rutinoside derivatives of delphinidin (∼60-63%) and cyanidin (∼17-21%) were major anthocyanins tentatively identified. All anthocyanins had higher concentration in skin than in pulp (64-82 and 646-534 mg of cyaniding-3-glucoside equivalents/100 g skin and pulp, respectively). Moreover, anthocyanin profile changed between sampling dates (p < 0.05). Mainly for delphinidin-3-rutinoside which could be a result of season variation. In this specie, non-anthocyanin polyphenols represent less than 35% of total extracted polyphenols. The tentative identification proposed a flavonol and three ellagitannins as major compounds of the non-anthocyanin phenolics fraction. Finally, anthocyanin is the major phenolic class in this fruit and its composition and content are significantly affected by season.176 234243Aaby, K., Mazur, S., Nes, A., Skrede, G., Phenolic compounds in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruits: Composition in 27 cultivars and changes during ripening (2012) Food Chemistry, 132 (1), pp. 86-97. , 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.037Agawa, S., Sakakibara, H., Iwata, R., Shimoi, K., Hergesheimer, A., Kumazawa, S., Anthocyanins in mesocarp/epicarp and endocarp of fresh açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and their antioxidant activities and bioavailability (2011) Food Science and Technology Research, 17 (4), pp. 327-334Ayaz, F.A., Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, S., Gruz, J., Novak, O., Strnad, M., Separation, characterization, and quantitation of phenolic acids in a little-known blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) fruit by HPLC-MS (2005) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53 (21), pp. 8116-8122. , 10.1021/jf058057yBao, L.M., Eerdunbayaer, N.A., Takahashi, E., Okamoto, K., Ito, H., Hatano, T., Hydrolysable tannins isolated from syzygium aromaticum: Structure of a new C-glucosidic ellagitannin and spectral features of tannins with a tergalloyl group (2012) Heterocycles, 85 (2), p. 365. , 10.3987/COM-11-12392Bochi, V.C., (2013) Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Ceylon Gooseberry (Dovyalis Hebecarpa) in Different Ripening Stages, , Doctorate thesis, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de CampinasBochi, V.C., Barcia, M.T., Rodrigues, D., Speroni, C.S., Giusti, M.M., Godoy, H.T., Polyphenol extraction optimisation from Ceylon gooseberry (Dovyalis hebecarpa) pulp (2014) Food Chemistry, 164 (2014), pp. 347-354. , 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.031Borges, G., Degeneve, A., Mullen, W., Crozier, A., Identification of flavonoid and phenolic antioxidants in black currants, blueberries, raspberries, red currants, and cranberries (2010) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58 (7), pp. 3901-3909. , 10.1021/jf902263nCao, J., Jiang, Q., Lin, J., Li, X., Sun, C., Chen, K., Physicochemical characterisation of four cherry species (Prunus spp.) grown in China (2015) Food Chemistry, 173, pp. 855-863. , 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.094Cerezo, A.B., Cuevas, E., Winterhalter, P., Garcia-Parrilla, M.C., Troncoso, A.M., Isolation, identification, and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin compounds in Camarosa strawberry (2010) Food Chemistry, 123 (3), pp. 574-582. , 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.04.073Dai, J., Mumper, R.J., Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties (2010) Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 15 (10), pp. 7313-7352. , 10.3390/molecules15107313De Rosso, V.V., Mercadante, A.Z., HPLC-PDA-MS/MS of anthocyanins and carotenoids from dovyalis and tamarillo fruits (2007) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55 (22), pp. 9135-9141. , 10.1021/jf071316uDel Rio, D., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Spencer, J.P.E., Tognolini, M., Borges, G., Crozier, A., Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: Structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases (2013) Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 18 (14), pp. 1818-1892. , 10.1089/ars.2012.4581Fredericks, C.H., Fanning, K.J., Gidley, M.J., Netzel, G., Zabaras, D., Herrington, M., High-anthocyanin strawberries through cultivar selection (2013) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93 (4), pp. 846-852. , 10.1002/jsfa.5806Frøytlog, C., Slimestad, R., Combination of chromatographic techniques for the preparative isolation of anthocyanins - Applied on blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) fruits (1998) Journal of Chromatography A, 825 (1), pp. 89-95. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967398006736, Retrieved fromGiusti, M.M., Jing, P., 6.3. Analysis of anthocyanins (2008) Food Colorants: Chemical and Functional Properties, pp. 479-506Harborne, J.B., Arsenal for survival: Secondary plant products (2000) Taxonomy, 49 (3), pp. 435-449. , http://www.jstor.org/stable/1224343, Retrieved fromHe, J., Giusti, M.M., Anthocyanins: Natural colorants with health-promoting properties (2010) Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 1, pp. 163-187. , 10.1146/annurev.food.080708.100754ICH, The international conference on harmonization. Harmonized tripartite guideline. Validation of analytical procedures: Text and methodology Q2(R1) (2005) ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline. Validation Of Analytical Procedures: Text And Methodology Q2(r1)Lago-Vanzela, E.S., Da-Silva, R., Gomes, E., García-Romero, E., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Phenolic composition of the edible parts (flesh and skin) of Bordô grape (Vitis labrusca) using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS (2011) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59 (24), pp. 13136-13146. , 10.1021/jf203679nLongo, L., Giuseppe, V., Anthocyanins from Bay (Laurus nobilis L.) Berries (2005) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53 NOVEMBER, pp. 8063-8067Määttä, K.R., Kamal-Eldin, A., Törrönen, A.R., High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds in berries with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (MS) detection: Ribes species (2003) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51 (23), pp. 6736-6744. , 10.1021/jf0347517Määttä-Riihinen, K.R., Kamal-Eldin, A., Törrönen, A.R., Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in berries of Fragaria and Rubus species (family Rosaceae) (2004) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52 (20), pp. 6178-6187. , 10.1021/jf049450rMertz, C., Gancel, A.-L., Gunata, Z., Alter, P., Dhuique-Mayer, C., Vaillant, F., Phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of three tropical fruits (2009) Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22 (5), pp. 381-387. , 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.06.008Morton, J.F., (1987) Fruits from Warm Climates - Ketembilla, pp. 311-315. , MiamiPace, C., Giacosa, S., Torchio, F., Río Segade, S., Cagnasso, E., Rolle, L., Extraction kinetics of anthocyanins from skin to pulp during carbonic maceration of winegrape berries with different ripeness levels (2014) Food Chemistry, 165, pp. 77-84. , 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.070Rodriguez-Saona, L.E., Giusti, M.M., Wrolstad, R.E., Anthocyanin Pigment Composition of Red-fleshed Potatoes (1998) Journal of Food Science, 63 (3), pp. 458-465Rodriguez-Saona, L.E., Wrolstad, R.E., Extraction, isolation, and purification of anthocyanins (2001) Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 1 F, pp. 1-11Seeram, N.P., Berry fruits: Compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease (2008) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56 (3), pp. 627-629. , 10.1021/jf071988kDa Silva, N.A., Rodrigues, E., Mercadante, A.Z., De Rosso, V.V., Phenolic compounds and carotenoids from four fruits native from the brazilian atlantic forest (2014) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62 (22), pp. 5072-5084. , 10.1021/jf501211pTomás-Barberán, F.A., Ferreres, F., Analytical methods for flavonols and flavone (2012) Analysis of Antioxidant-rich Phytochemicals, pp. 207-246. , Z. Xu, L.R. Howard, Wiley-BlackwellTreutter, D., (1998) Analysis of Flavanols in Beverages by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemical Reaction Detection, , Fig. 1Treutter, D., Significance of flavonoids in plant resistance: A review (2006) Environmental Chemistry Letters, 4 (3), pp. 147-157. , 10.1007/s10311-006-0068-8Wang, H., Race, E.J., Shrikhande, A.J., Characterization of anthocyanins in grape juices by ion trap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2003) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51 (7), pp. 1839-1844. , 10.1021/jf0260747Wu, X., Prior, R.L., Systematic identification and characterization of anthocyanins by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in common foods in the United States: Fruits and berries (2005) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53 (7), pp. 2589-2599. , 10.1021/jf048068bXu, Z., Howard, L.R., (2012) Analysis of Antioxidant-rich Phytochemicals, p. 399. , Z. Xu, L.R. Howard, Wiley-BlackwellZheng, J., Yang, B., Ruusunen, V., Laaksonen, O., Tahvonen, R., Hellsten, J., Compositional differences of phenolic compounds between black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars and their response to latitude and weather conditions (2012) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60 (26), pp. 6581-6593. , 10.1021/jf3012739Zheng, J., Yang, B., Ruusunen, V., Laaksonen, O., Tahvonen, R., Hellsten, J., Compositional differences of phenolic compounds between black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars and their response to latitude and weather conditions (2012) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60 (26), pp. 6581-6593