Artículo de publicación ISIPurpose: The authors aim to analyze whether the adoption of IFRS accounting standards in Chilean capital markets affects the earnings conservatism of the firms that adopt them. Design/methodology/approach: Using a conditional earnings conservatism model, the authors compare the conservatism of the firms by periods of using or not using IFRS standards for a sample of95 listed Chilean firms between 1999 and 2010. Findings: The authors’ results show that conditional earnings conservatism is more pronounced under IFRS standards and suggest that the use of IFRS improves the relevance and reliability of the reported accounting information. Originality/value: The authors provide new evidence from a Latin-American emerging market and they shed some light on the potential effect of IFRS implementation for several Latin-American countries that are in the on-going process of convergenc