Artículos de revistas
The May 10, 1994 earthquake: evidence of a seismic preslip in the northern Chile seismic gap?
The May 10, 1994 earthquake: evidence of a seismic preslip in the northern Chile seismic gap?
Autor
Comte, Diana; Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
Pardo, Mario; Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
Institución
Resumen
The focal depth and the focal mechanism solution of the May 10, 1994 earthquake (mb=5.9) were obtained using the long period P, SV, and SH waveforms of stations located at teleseismic distances. Its epicenter was determinated by a joint determination using arrival times of teleseismic and local networks. The focal mechanism obtained by the body waveform inversion corresponds to thrust faulting occurring at a depth of 58 km. On August 8, 1987, a tensional event (mb=6.4) occurred with focal depth of 76 km. Both this event and the 1994 compressional event are located in the northern edge of the 1877 rupture area at a distance of about 200 km from the trench, close to the coupled-uncoupled transition of the subducting Nazca plate. A cluster of compressional events with magnitudes 5.0 ≤mb ≤5.3 is also reported herein. This cluster, located offshore and aligned with the 1994 earthquake in the direction of plate convergence, could be associated with one of the main asperities of the future great earthquake expected in northern Chile. The occurrence of the 1987 and 1994 earthquakes has been unusual given the last 32 years of available information, and suggests that they could be associated with seismic pre-slip occurring in the deeper part of the seismogenic interplate contact of the northern Chile seismic gap, which could be close to the end of its seismic cycle. Se analiza el hipocentro y el mecanismo focal del terremoto del 10 de mayo de 1994 (mb=5.9). La profundidad y el mecanismo focal es obtenido usando las formas de las ondas P, SV y SH registradas en estaciones de periodo largo ubicadas a distancias telesísmicas. El epicentro fue obtenido mediante una determinación conjunta usando los tiempos de llegada registrados en redes locales y telesísmicas. El 8 de agosto de 1987 ocurrió un evento tensional (mb=6.4) a una profundidad de 76 km; este evento y el evento compresional de 1994 están ambos localizados en el extremo norte del área de ruptura del terremoto de 1877, a aproximadamente 200 km de distancia de la fosa, cercano a la zona de transición de la parte desacoplada de la placa de Nazca en subduccón. Considerando los últimos 32 años de información disponible, la ocurrencia de los terremotos de 1987 y 1994 ha sido inusual. Se sugiere que ambos eventos podrían estar asociados a un pre-deslizamiento sísmico que estaría ocurriendo en la parte más profunda del contacto sismogénico interplaca, en la breca sísmica del norte de Chile, la que podría estar cercana a la etapa final de su ciclo sísmico.
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