The concept that type I interferons (IFN-I) are essential to antiviral immunity derives from studies on animal models and cell lines. Virtually all pathogenic viruses have evolved countermeasures to IFN-I restriction, ...

Aiming to evaluate some parameters to influence the immune response to DNA vaccination, we compare three protocols of DNA immunization (i.m. injections, i.m. injections followed by electroporation, and the effect of i.p. ...

Genetic color polymorphism is widespread in nature. There is an increasing interest in understanding the adaptive value of heritable color variation and trade-off resolution by differently colored individuals. Melanin-based ...

1.An understudied aspect of vertebrate ecoimmunology has been the relative contributions of environmental factors (E), genetic background (G) and their interaction (G × E) in shaping immune development and function. ...

The modulation of the immune system following solid organ transplantation has made considerable progress with new immunosuppressive regimens and has considerably improved rejections rates. The improvement in long-term ...

Background: Host-parasite interactions represent complex co-evolving systems in which genetic and associated phenotypic variation within a species can significantly affect selective pressures on traits, such as host immunity, ...