To date, all statements about evolutionary morphological transformation in Crocodylia have essentially been based on qualitative observations. In the present study, we assessed the morphological variation and covariation ...

The development of the tetrapod pectoral and pelvic girdles is intimately linked to the proximal segments of the fore- and hindlimbs. Most studies on girdles are osteological and provide little information about soft ...

In 1976 John Ostrom published an enlightening paper about the anatomical transformations in the shoulder girdle and forelimb elements along the origin of birds. Most of his ideas were based on comparing Archaeopteryx ...

Discussions about the origin of flight almost unanimously assume that early birds positioned (and moved) their wings in the same basic manner as living flying birds, with reconstructed wings extended with the airfoil surface ...

Predictive regression equations were generated to estimate total length of the Brazilian flathead (Percophis brasiliensis) fish using skull and pectoral girdle bones as well as specific body and otolith lengths. All ...

The evolution of the axial skeleton of vertebrates, particularly regionalization and the changes in the limits of each region is yet to be completely understood. The features of this process are more difficult to follow ...

Toads of the genus Melanophryniscus are known since the mid-late 19th Century, and the first skeletal description was made early in 1875. However, it was not until the 1970s that osteological variation was discussed in a ...

A nearly complete skeleton, including most of the thoracic member bones of the sloth Mylodon darwinii, have been found in Upper Pleistocene strata from Anisacate River, Argentina. The thoracic member bones resemble their ...