Protection of transmission lines is essential to ensure a correct operation of power systems. In this paper a pilot protection scheme, known as permissive overreaching transfer trip, is used. This structure combine two ...

Numerical protection devices are much more than just relays. Actually they are small computers with protective functions complemented with others like control, metering, logic, logging and communication. These functions ...

Abstract. This paper presents a new coordination process for time overcurrent relays. The purpose of the coordination is to find a time element function that allows it to operate using a constant back-up time delay for any ...

During the operation of the electrical power system (SEP), there are often protection failures that can result in shutdowns in the power supply, causing a reduction in quality of service. This is not common, but it happens ...

This work aims to optimize the coordination of microprocessor-based directional overcurrent relays in power systems using Binary Integer Programming (BIP). Two new mathematical models of BIP are presented. The first ...