This article describes the main features of the systems of legal defence that Latin American countries have been using when facing investment arbitration. It focuses on Argentina, Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, ...

Water resources are the main productive source in Chile. Growing competition for water use causes conflicts which end up in courts (Courts of Appeal and The Supreme Court). Legal disputes end when the courts issue a judgement ...

Water demand and climate variability increases competition and tension between water users –agricultural, industrial, mining, hydropower– and local communities. Since 1981, the Water Code has regulated water allocation ...

What might lie behind a heterodox approach to legal disputes arising in the struggle for energy resources? Here, the State parties turn to bargained solutions, instead of reaching for remedies available in contracts and ...