The concept that type I interferons (IFN-I) are essential to antiviral immunity derives from studies on animal models and cell lines. Virtually all pathogenic viruses have evolved countermeasures to IFN-I restriction, ...

Viruses are the most important cause of severe mucosal infections worldwide especially in high risk populations such as in infants, young children, elderly and immunocompromised hosts. A significant improvement in the ...

Objectives Viral outbreaks are a frequent concern for humans. A great variety of drugs has been used to treat viral diseases, which are not always safe and effective and may induce adverse effects, indicating the need for ...

Viruses are the most important cause of severe mucosal infections worldwide especially in high risk populations such as in infants, young children, elderly and immunocompromised hosts. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ...

Although identified in the 1960's, interest in autophagy has significantly increased in the past decade with notable research efforts oriented at understanding as to how this multi-protein complex operates and is regulated. ...

Objectives: The nucleoside analog ribavirin is one of the antiviral drugs recommended in the management of several viral infections in humans. Although ribavirin has been used in rabies treatment, its efficacy has not been ...