Questions of successional pattern and causality have been central concerns in vegetation ecology. In this paper we address the limits of the overextended models of Connell and Slatyer by discussing problems encountered in ...

Brain function can be conceived as a hierarchy of generative models that optimizes predictions of sensory inputs and minimizes “surprise.” Each level of the hierarchy makes predictions of neural events at a lower level in ...

Workplace accidents represent a dysfunction of the production process. Traditionally, accidents have been treated by organizations as failures of employees to interact safely with the work environment and equipment. This ...

The need for detecting causality relations of process, events or variables is present in many areas of knowledge, e.g., distributed computing, the stock market, industry and medical sector. This occurs because the knowledge ...

Cognition and epistemology: the question of the physical causality knowledge as a state and as content. The problem of experience awareness and knowledge in an epistemic analysis of psychology and ontology of the mental, ...