In fear conditioning, aversive stimuli are readily associated with contextual features. A brief reexposure to the training context causes fear memory reconsolidation, whereas a prolonged reexposure induces memory extinction. ...

The nonselective muscarinic antagonist scopolamine is known to impair the acquisition of some learning tasks such as inhibitor) avoidance. There has been recent research into the effects of this drug in contextual fear ...

Pro-inflammatory cytokines can affect cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Particularly, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) influences the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories. We previously reported that ...

Long-lasting changes in dendritic spines provide a physical correlate for memory formation and persistence. LIM kinase (LIMK) plays a critical role in orchestrating dendritic actin dynamics during memory processing, since ...

Considering the evidence that the lateral septal area (LSA) modulates defensive responses, the aim of the present study is to verify if this structure is also involved in contextual fear conditioning responses. Neurotransmission ...

It is established that opioids modulate brain networks involved in learning and memory. Studies using various learning tasks have shown that morphine impairs many forms of memory. A common feature of these studies is that ...

Peptides of the renin-angiotensin system modulate blood pressure and hydro-electrolyte composition. Angiotensin (Ang) receptors are localized in brain areas related to the regulation of autonomic and endocrine control and ...