Tesis
Produção de ácido levulínico por meio de hidrólise ácida da casca de arroz
Fecha
2010-02-08Registro en:
BEVILAQUA, Daiane Balconi. Acids production by means of acid hydrolysis of rice husk. 2010. 87 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2010.
Autor
Bevilaqua, Daiane Balconi
Institución
Resumen
The beginning of the 21st century has been characterized by a great interest about the use of renewable raw materials for the production of industrial feedstocks and technological products. This trend is followed by the concern about the huge amount of waste generated by the always increasing agricultural production. In this sense, the reuse of the residual rice husks (RH) of the rice production, which by inadequate management affects negatively the environment in several ways, can constitute an environmental solution and a source of income. In this work, it was used RH as a source of cellulose for the production of levulinic acid (AL), a versatile chemical
intermediate with many industrial applications, produced usually via chemical synthesis. The cellulose hydrolysis in acidic medium releases glucose monomers, which by heating under pressure dehydrate and form the intermediary 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) - that, in turn, degraded generating AL. For the AL production, a 1.00 g of RH previously comminuted, selected, washed and dried in an oven, was hydrolyzed with 10.0 mL of HCl 4.5% (v/v) or 4%
H2SO4 (v/v) in a batch reactor under pressure (51 to 62 atm). The concentration of AL, as well as of 5-HMF, present in the acidic hydrolysate, were analyzed by HPLC-UV. The solid residue of the hydrolysis was characterized by SEM and FTIR. In order to evaluate the effect of the variables temperature, pressure and hydrolysis time
on the yield of the process of AL production, two factorial designs were performed: one, for the process using HCl, and another for the process using H2SO4, keeping constant the mass of RH and the used acid volume. After optimization of the time, pressure and temperature of hydrolysis, it was studied the effects of the acid concentration and of the RH pre-treatment on the production
of AL. It was investigated, therefore, the pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, oxalic acid, Soxhlet extraction in aqueous medium and Soxhlet extraction with a mixture of benzene-ethanol 1:1 (v/v).
It was verified that the AL production is maximum when the hydrolytic process was carried out at temperatures 160 °C, under pressure of 53 atm and reaction time of 70 min. The
best catalyst for the process was hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 4.5% (v/v). Among the pre-treatments applied to the RH, the Soxhlet aqueous extraction provided the best yield of AL (59.4%, w/w).