Desafíos para enfrentar la resistencia a los antibióticos en bacterias patógenas en el tercer decenio del siglo XXI

dc.contributorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-9199
dc.contributorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-3744
dc.contributorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-9599
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dc.contributorhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8wjme4oAAAAJ&hl=es
dc.contributorhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=mEyMhZAAAAAJ
dc.contributorhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000493724
dc.contributorhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000521590
dc.contributorhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000395641
dc.creatorCabrera Alaix, Cristina Eugenia
dc.creatorCerón Marín, Valentina
dc.creatorChávez Vivas, Mónica
dc.creatorGómez Naranjo, Rommel Fabián
dc.creatorQuintero Cundumí, Sandra Lorena
dc.creatorVargas Gutiérrez, Valentina
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-22T22:34:40Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-16T21:48:32Z
dc.date.available2024-03-22T22:34:40Z
dc.date.available2024-05-16T21:48:32Z
dc.date.created2024-03-22T22:34:40Z
dc.identifier978-958-5182-96-7
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10901/28763
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.18041/978-958-5182-96-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/9489226
dc.description.abstractLas Infecciones bacterianas asociadas a la atención en salud constituyen en la actualidad un problema de salud pública de gran importancia que afecta a varios países del mundo. Esta problemática ha ido en aumento por la presencia de bacterias patógenas con resistencia a diversos tipos de antibióticos, debilitando los programas clínicos y de salud pública que se han diseñado para contener las enfermedades infecciosas. Este hecho se acentúa aún más en países latinoaméricanos, como es el caso de Colombia, principalmente en comunidades con un limitado acceso al servicio médico, a tratamientos oportunos y eficaces y sobre todo a la automedicación, y la disponibilidad de fármacos alterados. Inicialmente las bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos eran detectadas en infecciones relacionadas con una hospitalización reciente o cirugía, residencia prolongada en centros de cuidado, diálisis y dispositivos médicos percutáneos o catéteres. Sin embargo, a finales de los 90´s, este tipo de bacterias comenzaron a asociarse a infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad, agudizando la emergencia de enfermedades infecciosas, debido a que presentan factores de virulencia y perfiles de sensibilidad a los antibióticos propios, generando una alarma importante frente al tratamiento de estos microorganismos. El impacto negativo de la resistencia a los antibióticos ha ido en aumento porque en la última década se ha acentuado la presencia de bacterias resistentes en ambientes naturales y artificiales, favorecida en gran medida porque la mayoría de los compuestos utilizados en las prácticas médicas, veterinarias y agrícolas son vertidos de forma continua directamente en los efluentes o a las redes municipales sin metabolizar o solo parcialmente metabolizados. El grupo de investigación en enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología molecular (Gimmein) viene trabajando en la problemática que genera la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos desde el año 2008, inicialmente realizando investigaciones con patógenos resistentes aislados en pacientes con infecciones intrahospitalarias y en el ambiente hospitalario, y ahora en patógenos encontrados en los ambientes naturales, inclusive en insectos. Es por eso por lo que el grupo presenta el libro “Desafíos para enfrentar la resistencia a los antibióticos en bacterias patógenas en el tercer decenio del siglo XXI”, que aborda la problemática de los patógenos resistentes o multirresistentes presentes en diferentes ambientes que son potenciales fuentes de infección. En los capítulos 1 y 2 se establecen las características y mecanismos por los cuales las bacterias se hacen resistentes a los antibióticos y la epidemiología de estas en el ambiente hospitalario y en los naturales como las aguas, el suelo y en los animales a través del contacto directo por el consumo o tenencia de ellos. En los capítulos 3 y 4 se aborda la problemática de la resistencia en bacterias Gram positivas de interés clínico como son los Enterococcus sp. y los Staphylococcus sp. En el capítulo 3 se profundiza sobre el impacto que han generado las infecciones por Enterococcus faecalis, antes considerada una bacteria inocua, pero en la actualidad debido a la resistencia adquirida se le asocia con múltiples infecciones y complicaciones. En el capítulo 4 se presenta un estudio epidemiológico realizado en la ciudad de Cali con cepas de Staphylococcus aureus sensibles y resistentes a la meticilina aisladas de estudiantes de la área de la Salud. La epidemiología de bacterias Gram negativas de la familia enterobacteriácea y las no fermentadoras como Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a los antibióticos, son analizadas en los capítulos siguientes. En el capítulo 5, se realiza una revisión del papel que desempeñan las bacterias resistentes del género Klebsiella y Enterobacter. Es necesario abordar la resistencia detectada en bacterias en todos estos ambientes, con el fin de sensibilizar sobre el impacto negativo que generan los patógenos resistentes en la salud pública y la necesidad de tener una efectiva vigilancia epidemiológica, que promueva el desarrollo de estrategias racionales de control en la dispersión de bacterias resistentes, lo que implica un nuevo abordaje para el tratamiento y diagnóstico de una infección.
dc.publisherUniversidad Libre, Seccional Cali
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dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia
dc.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.subjectResistencia
dc.subjectAntibióticos
dc.subjectMecanismos
dc.subjectGrupo E-ESKAPE
dc.subjectGram negativas
dc.subjectGram positivas
dc.subjectInfecciones intrahospitalarias
dc.subjectSuelo
dc.subjectAguas
dc.subjectAnimales
dc.subjectEnterococcus faecalis
dc.subjectEpidemiología
dc.subjectInfecciones asociadas a la atención en salud
dc.subjectStaphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina
dc.subjectmecA
dc.subjectEstudiantes
dc.subjectPatrones de resistencia
dc.subjectVariabilidad genética
dc.titleDesafíos para enfrentar la resistencia a los antibióticos en bacterias patógenas en el tercer decenio del siglo XXI


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