Contaminación de la bahia "el ferrol" con aguas residuales domésticas y propuesta de gestión ambiental

Abstract

The bay "El Ferrol" located in the city of Chimbote, province of The Santa in the department of Ancash, receives different types of effluent contaminants, among which are the domestic sewage. As this thesis main objective is to determine the level of contamination of the bay generated by the wastewater. For this study identified 07 sampling stations in the sea, located off: Wharf No. 1 Enapu - north side pumping station Ica, Amazonas main emitter, jr. Iquitos, pumping station Trapecio, 27 de Octubre Petro Peru, Lacramarca river and naval base. Samples were taken at 300 yards from shore, during periods of season (March) and fish production period (May and June), 2008. The contamination level is determined based on results of microbiological analysis of physico-chemical parameters such as total coliforms, fecal coliforms, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrates, phosphates, pH and temperature. The evaluation was based on comparison with the ECA category 2 "coastal marine activities," subsection 3 "other activities" and ECA category 4 "conservation of the aquatic environment," coastal marine ecosystems, according to DS No. 002-2008-MINAM. The results indicate that levels of contamination of the Bay "El Ferrol" are high during the month of closure, exceeding the values of ECA category 2, subsection 3, M1 and M6 stations and the ECA category 4 in all sampling stations with respect to the parameters total coliforms and thermotolerant. And the area of greatest pollution M6 proved to be the station and during the same fish production pollution of sea water, rise considerably. It is concluded that domestic wastewater is a source of pollution to the Bay "El Ferrol" important, being the treatment of these vital domestic wastewater from the city of Chimbote, and make effective the implementation of an Environmental Management System for the company sanitation.