Potencial de la refrigeración por absorción activado con gas natural y energía solar en centros comerciales de Barranquilla

dc.contributorSagastume Gutierrez, Alexis
dc.contributorAmaris, Carlos
dc.contributorArencibia, Karen
dc.contributorCabello Eras, Juan José
dc.creatorRodríguez Toscano, Andrés David
dc.date2022-11-09T16:51:22Z
dc.date2022-11-09T16:51:22Z
dc.date2022
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-03T19:58:34Z
dc.date.available2023-10-03T19:58:34Z
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/11323/9608
dc.identifierCorporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifierREDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/9173523
dc.descriptionEn esta tesis doctoral se presenta una evaluación de la factibilidad técnica, ambiental y económica de la implementación de sistemas de refrigeración por absorción en centros comerciales ubicados en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia, usando H2O/LiBr y NH3/LiNO3 como fluidos de trabajo, considerando diferentes fuentes de energía para su activación (energía solar y/o gas natural). Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizó una revisión de la literatura especializada de la tecnología. Se seleccionaron tres centros comerciales que caracterizan el mayor número de este tipo de edificaciones de acuerdo con el área a acondicionar y el tamaño disponible para la instalación de los sistemas. Posteriormente, se estimó la carga térmica para el acondicionamiento de aire en los centros comerciales a partir de mediciones de la potencia eléctrica y se identificó condiciones críticas de operación. Luego, se desarrolló un modelo termodinámico de los sistemas de refrigeración por absorción utilizando energía solar y/o gas natural y se validó con datos del fabricante para diferentes series de sistemas de refrigeración por absorción obteniendo errores relativos menores del 1% en el evaporador y generador. Con este, se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad de las características técnicas e indicadores de desempeño de todo el sistema usando los dos fluidos de trabajo y dos tipos de colectores solares térmicos. Luego, se estudiaron los diferentes escenarios planteados para los centros comerciales seleccionados considerando, factores técnicos (incluyendo mantenimiento), ambientales y económicos. Con ello, se determinó que tipo de colector solar térmico, fluido de trabajo, fuente de energía para la activación, configuración y que condiciones de operación eran las más adecuadas para implementar en sistemas de refrigeración por absorción en la ciudad. También, se obtuvieron como resultado en algunos escenarios, IRR de hasta el 54,6 %, tiempos de retornos de la inversión bajos de entre 2 y 3 años, COP de hasta 0,77 y SCOP de hasta 0,52 en las condiciones más críticas correspondientes al día típico del mes seleccionado. Si se desea llevar estos estudios de factibilidad a un mayor nivel de detalle que permita estudiar los mecanismos de transferencia de masa y calor, se requerirá evaluar los componentes claves del sistema. Por ello, al final se desarrolló como una herramienta complementaria para futuras investigaciones, una metodología para simular absorbedores de burbujas mediante un modelo CFD y evaluar dichos mecanismos considerando los modelos multifase, los modelos de turbulencia y mezcla, la prueba de independencia del mallado, la cantidad de elementos de la malla y las variables para validar el modelo CFD correctamente ( lo que no estaba definido con claridad en la literatura especializada).
dc.descriptionThis doctoral thesis presents an evaluation of the technical, environmental and economic feasibility of the implementation of absorption refrigeration systems in shopping centers located in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia, using H2O/LiBr and NH3/LiNO3 as working fluids. considering different energy sources for its activation (solar energy and/or natural gas). To carry out this research, a review of the specialized literature of the technology was carried out. Three shopping centers were selected that characterize the largest number of this type of buildings according to the area to be conditioned and the size available for the installation of the systems. Subsequently, the thermal load for air conditioning in shopping centers was estimated from electrical power measurements and critical operating conditions were identified. Then, a thermodynamic model of absorption refrigeration systems using solar energy and/or natural gas was developed and validated with manufacturer data for different series of absorption refrigeration systems, obtaining relative errors of less than 1% in the evaporator and generator. . With this, a sensitivity analysis of the technical characteristics and performance indicators of the entire system was carried out using the two working fluids and two types of solar thermal collectors. Then, the different scenarios proposed for the selected shopping centers were studied, considering technical (including maintenance), environmental and economic factors. With this, it was determined what type of solar thermal collector, working fluid, energy source for activation, configuration and what operating conditions were the most appropriate to implement in absorption refrigeration systems in the city. Also, as a result in some scenarios, IRR of up to 54.6%, low investment return times of between 2 and 3 years, COP of up to 0.77 and SCOP of up to 0.52 in the most favorable conditions were obtained. reviews corresponding to the typical day of the selected month. If it is desired to take these feasibility studies to a higher level of detail that allows studying the mechanisms of mass and heat transfer, it will be necessary to evaluate the key components of the system. For this reason, in the end, a methodology was developed as a complementary tool for future research to simulate bubble absorbers by means of a CFD model and to evaluate said mechanisms considering multiphase models, turbulence and mixing models, the mesh independence test, the number of mesh elements and variables to validate the CFD model correctly (which was not clearly defined in the specialized literature).
dc.descriptionResumen 7 -- Abstract 9 -- Lista de Figuras 11 -- Lista de Tablas 11 -- Nomenclatura 15 -- Capítulo 1: Introducción 18 -- 1.1 Problemática 18 -- 1.2 Justificación 20 -- 1.3 Preguntas de investigación 22 -- 1.4 Objetivo 23 -- 1.4.1 Objetivo general 23 -- 1.4.2 Objetivos específicos 23 -- 1.5 Metodología de investigación 24 -- 1.6 Estructura del documento 26 -- Capítulo 2: Estado del arte 28 -- 2.1 Introducción 28 -- 2.2 Tecnología de refrigeración por absorción 28 -- 2.3 Fluidos de trabajo (convencionales y otros de potencial uso futuro) 37 -- 2.4 Sistemas de refrigeración por absorción para acondicionamiento de aire 44 -- 2.5 Sistemas de refrigeración por absorción activados con energía solar y otras fuentes alternativas de energía 47 -- 2.6 Mercado actual de sistemas de refrigeración por absorción para el acondicionamiento de aire 52 -- 2.7 Indicadores técnico-económicos para la evaluación de sistemas de refrigeración por absorción 55 -- 2.8 Colectores solares térmicos 58 -- 2.8.1 Mercado actual de colectores solares térmicos 60 -- 2.9 Proceso de absorción en absorbedores 62 -- 2.9.1 Modelación CFD de absorbedores 64 -- Capítulo 3: Metodología 68 -- 3.1 Introducción 68 -- 3.2 Condiciones ambientales de Barranquilla 68 -- 3.3 Características principales de los centros comerciales de Barranquilla 69 -- 3.3.1 Casos de estudio 71 -- 3.3.2 Mediciones 73 -- 3.4 Configuración del sistema estudiado y casos de estudio 74 -- 3.5 Escenarios de aplicación de la refrigeración por absorción 75 -- 3.6 Modelo de simulación termodinámica 76 -- 3.6.1 Consideraciones 76 -- 3.6.2 Balances de masa y energía 77 -- 3.6.3 Parámetros de evaluación técnica 80 -- 3.7 Impacto ambiental 80 -- 3.8 Evaluación económica 81-- 3.9 Características del modelo CFD de un absorbedor de burbuja 84 -- 3.9.1 Geometría y detalles de malla 86 -- 3.9.2 Selección del modelo multifase 88 -- 3.9.3 Ecuaciones gobernantes 88 -- 3.9.4 Condiciones de frontera y métodos de solución 91 -- 3.9.5 Condiciones para la validación del modelo CFD 93 -- Capítulo 4: Resultados técnicos, ambientales y económicos 95 --4.1 Introducción 95 -- 4.2 Validación de modelo termodinámico 95 -- 4.2.1 Condiciones de operación y parámetro 95 -- 4.2.2 Resultados de la validación 97 -- 4.3 Análisis de sensibilidad para el sistema con H2O/LiBr 98 -- 4.4 Análisis de sensibilidad para sistema con NH3/LiNO3 105 -- 4.5 Consumo de energía de enfriadoras de compresión mecánica en centros comerciales escenario base) 109 -- 4.6 Casos estudios (escenarios 2, 3 y 4) 111 -- 4.6.1 Enfriadoras por absorción activadas con energía solar 112 -- 4.6.2 Enfriadoras por absorción activadas con gas natural 118 -- 4.6.3 Enfriadoras por absorción activadas con energía solar y gas natural 115 -- 4.6.4 Emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero 122 -- 4.6.5 Análisis económico 124 -- Capítulo 5: Análisis CFD del absorbedor 127 -- 5.1 Introducción 127 -- 5.2 Selección de modelos de turbulencia y mezcla 127 -- 5.3 Prueba de independencia de la malla 128 -- 5.4 Resultados de transferencia de masa 129 -- 5.5 Resultados de transferencia de calor 133 -- 5.6 Validación de modelo CFD 138 -- Capítulo 6: Conclusiones y trabajos futuros 140 -- 6.1 Conclusiones de los resultados técnico, ambiental y económico 140 -- 6.2 Conclusiones del análisis CFD del absorbedor 143 -- 6.3 Recomendaciones para trabajos futuros 144 -- Referencias 146 -- Anexos 146 -- Publicaciones 169
dc.descriptionDoctor(a) en Ingenieria Energética
dc.descriptionDoctorado
dc.format169 páginas
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherCorporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.publisherEnergía
dc.publisherBarranquilla, Colombia
dc.publisherDoctorado en Ingenieria Energética
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.subjectRefrigeración por absorción
dc.subjectCentros comerciales
dc.subjectColectores solares térmicos
dc.subjectGas natural
dc.subjectFluidos de trabajo
dc.subjectAbsorption refrigeration
dc.subjectShopping malls
dc.subjectSolar thermal collectors
dc.subjectNatural gas
dc.subjectWorking fluids
dc.titlePotencial de la refrigeración por absorción activado con gas natural y energía solar en centros comerciales de Barranquilla
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Doctorado
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06
dc.typeText
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
dc.typehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TD
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.coverageBarranquilla


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