Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

dc.creatorMurray, Christopher
dc.creatorAravkin, Aleksandr
dc.creatorZheng, Peng
dc.creatorABBAFATI, Cristiana
dc.creatorAbbas, Kaja
dc.creatorAbbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
dc.creatorAbd-Allah, Foad
dc.creatorAbdelalim, Ahmed
dc.creatorAbdollahi, Mohammad
dc.creatorAbdollahpour, Ibrahim
dc.creatorAbegaz, Kedir
dc.creatorAbolhassani, Hassan
dc.creatorAboyans, Victor
dc.creatorGuimarães Abreu, Lucas
dc.creatorM Abrigo, Michael R
dc.creatorAbualhasan, Ahmed
dc.creatorIbrahim Abushouk, Abdelrahman
dc.creatoradabi, maryam
dc.creatorAdekanmb, Victor
dc.creatorADEOYE , Abiodun Eyitayo
dc.creatorAdetokunboh, Olatunji
dc.creatoradham, davoud
dc.creatorAdvani, Shailesh
dc.creatorAgarwal, Gina
dc.creatorAghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem
dc.creatorAgrawal, Anurag
dc.creatorAhmad, Tauseef
dc.creatorAhmadi, Keivan
dc.creatorAhmadi, Mehdi
dc.creatorAhmadieh, Hamid
dc.creatorBeshir Ahmed, Muktar
dc.creatorYihunie Akalu, Temesgen
dc.creatorAkinyemi, Rufus
dc.creatorAkinyemiju, Tomi
dc.creatorAkombi-Inyang, Blessing
dc.creatorAkunna, Chisom
dc.creatorAlahdab, Fares
dc.creatorAl-Aly, Ziyad
dc.creatorAlam, Khurshid
dc.creatorAlam, Samiah
dc.creatorAlam, Tahiya
dc.creatorMashhour Alanez, Fahad
dc.creatorAlanzi, Turki
dc.creatorwassihun, biresaw
dc.creatorAlhabib, Khalid
dc.creatorAli, Muhammad
dc.creatorAli, Saqib
dc.creatoralicandro, gianfranco
dc.creatorAlinia, Cyrus
dc.creatorAlipour, Vahid
dc.creatorAlizade, Hesam
dc.creatorAljunid, Syed Mohamed
dc.creatoralla, françois
dc.creatorAllebeck, Peter
dc.creatorAlmasi-Hashiani, Amir
dc.creatorAl-Mekhlafi, Hesham
dc.creatorAlonso, Jordi
dc.creatorAltirkawi, Khalid
dc.creatorAmini-Rarani, Mostafa
dc.creatorAmiri, Fatemeh
dc.creatorAmugsi, DICKSON
dc.creatorAncuceanu, Robert
dc.creatorAnderlini, Deanna
dc.creatorAnderson, Jason A
dc.creatorAndrei, Catalina Liliana
dc.creatorAndrei, Tudorel
dc.creatorAngus, Colin
dc.creatorAnjomshoa, Mina
dc.creatorAnsari, Fereshteh
dc.creatorAnsari-Moghaddam, Alireza
dc.creatorAntonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo
dc.creatorAntonio, Carl Abelardo
dc.creatorAntony, Catherine M
dc.creatorAntriyandarti, Ernoiz
dc.creatorAnvari, Davood
dc.creatorAnwer, Razique
dc.creatorAppiah, Seth Christopher Yaw
dc.creatorarabloo, Jalal
dc.creatorArab-Zozani, Morteza
dc.creatorAriani, Filippo
dc.creatorArmoon, Bahram
dc.creatorÄrnlöv, Johan
dc.creatorArzani, Afsaneh
dc.creatorAsadi-Aliabadi, Mehran
dc.creatorAsadi-Pooya, Ali
dc.creatorAshbaugh, Charlie
dc.creatorAssmus, Michael
dc.creatorAtafar, Zahra
dc.creatorDebalkie, Desta
dc.creatorWahbi Atout, Maha Moh'd
dc.creatorAusloos, Floriane
dc.creatorausloos, marcel
dc.creatorAyala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
dc.creatorAyano, Getinet
dc.creatorAyanore, Martin
dc.creatorAzari, Samad
dc.creatorAzarian, Ghasem
dc.creatorAzene, Zelalem Nigussie
dc.creatorBadawi, Alaa
dc.creatorBadiye, Ashish
dc.creatorAmin Bahram, Mohammad
dc.creatorBakhshaei, Hossein
dc.creatorBakhtiari, Ahad
dc.creatorBakkannavar, Shankar M
dc.creatorBaldasseroni, Alberto
dc.creatorBall, Kylie
dc.creatorBallew, Shoshana
dc.creatorBalzi, Daniela
dc.creatorBanach, Maciej
dc.creatorBanerjee, Srikanta K
dc.creatorBante, Agegnehu
dc.creatorBARAKI, ADHANOM
dc.creatorBarker-Collo, Suzanne
dc.creatorBärnighausen, Till
dc.creatorBarrero, Lope
dc.creatorBarthelemy, Celine
dc.creatorBarua, Lingkan
dc.creatorBasu, Sanjay
dc.creatorBaune, Bernhard T
dc.creatorBayati, Mohsen
dc.creatorBecker, Jacob S
dc.creatorBedi, Neeraj
dc.creatorBeghi, Ettore
dc.creatorBéjot, Yannick
dc.creatorL Bell, Akshaya
dc.creatorBhagavathula, Srikanth
dc.creatorBhageerathy, Reshmi
dc.creatorBhala, Neeraj
dc.creatorBhandari, Dinesh
dc.creatorBhattacharyya, Krittika
dc.creatorBhutta, Zulfiqar
dc.creatorBijani, Ali
dc.creatorBikbov, Boris
dc.creatorBin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat
dc.creatorBiondi, Antonio
dc.creatorMinuye, Binyam
dc.creatorBisignano, Catherine
dc.creatorBiswas, Raaj Kishore
dc.creatorBitew, Helen
dc.creatorBohloul, Somayeh
dc.creatorBohluli, Mehdi
dc.creatorBoon-Dooley, Alexandra S
dc.creatorBorzì, Antonio Maria
dc.creatorBorzouei, Shiva
dc.creatorbosetti, cristina
dc.creatorBoufous, Soufiane
dc.creatorBraithwaite, Dejana
dc.creatorBreitner-Busch (née Breitner), Susanne
dc.creatorBrenner, Hermann
dc.creatorSvitil Briant, Paul
dc.creatorBriko, Andrey Nikolaevich
dc.creatorBriko, Nikolay
dc.creatorBryazka, Dana
dc.creatorBurkart, Katrin
dc.creatorBurnett, Richard Thomas
dc.creatorBurugina Nagaraja, Sharath
dc.creatorButt, Zahid A
dc.creatorCaetano Dos Santos, Florentino Luciano
dc.creatorCámera, Luis Alberto
dc.creatorCampos, Ismael
dc.creatorCárdenas, Rosario
dc.creatorCarreras, Giulia
dc.creatorCARRERO ESPINOSA, JULIA JOSÉ
dc.creatorCarvalho, Felix
dc.creatorCastaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
dc.creatorCastañeda-Orjuela, Carlos
dc.creatorCastelpietra, Giulio
dc.creatorCastro, Franz
dc.creatorCausey, Kate
dc.creatorCederroth, Christopher
dc.creatorCercy, Kelly M
dc.creatorCerin, Ester
dc.creatorChandan, Joht
dc.creatorChang, Kai-Lan
dc.creatorCharlson, Fiona
dc.creatorChattu, Vijay Kumar
dc.creatorChaturvedi, Sarika
dc.creatorCherbuin, Nicolas
dc.creatorChimed-Ochir, Odgerel
dc.creatorYoungwhan Cho, Daniel
dc.creatorJasmine Cho, Jee-Young
dc.creatorChristensen, Hanne
dc.creatorChu, Dinh-Toi
dc.creatorChung, Michael T
dc.creatorChung, Sheng-Chia
dc.creatorCicuttini, Flavia
dc.creatorCiobanu, Liliana G
dc.creatorCirillo, Massimo
dc.creatorThomas, Dwayne
dc.creatorCohen, Aaron J
dc.creatorCompton, Kelly
dc.creatorCOOPER, OWEN
dc.creatorCosta, Vera Marisa
dc.creatorCousin, Ewerton
dc.creatorCowden, Richard Gregory
dc.creatorCross, Di H
dc.creatorCruz, Jessica A
dc.creatorDahlawi, Saad
dc.creatorMoura Damasceno, Albertino Antonio
dc.creatorDamiani, Giovanni
dc.creatorDandona, Lalit
dc.creatorDandona, Rakhi
dc.creatorDangel, William James
dc.creatorDanielsson, Anna-Karin
dc.creatorDargan, Paul
dc.creatorDas, Jai
dc.creatorDas Gupta, Rajat
dc.creatordas Neves, José
dc.creatorDávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
dc.creatorDavitoiu, Dragos
dc.creatorde leo, diego
dc.creatorDegenhardt, Louisa
dc.creatorDeLang, Marissa
dc.creatorDellavalle, Robert
dc.creatorMekonnen Demeke, Feleke
dc.creatorDemoz, Gebre Teklemariam
dc.creatorGetnet Demsie, Desalegn
dc.creatorDenova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
dc.creatorDervenis, Nikolaos
dc.creatorDhungana, Govinda Prasad
dc.creatorDianatinasab, Mostafa
dc.creatorDias da Silva, Diana
dc.creatorDiaz, Daniel
dc.creatorDibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat
dc.creatorDjalalinia, Shirin
dc.creatorThi Do, Hoa
dc.date2021-04-08T21:37:41Z
dc.date2021-04-08T21:37:41Z
dc.date2020-10-17
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-03T19:38:10Z
dc.date.available2023-10-03T19:38:10Z
dc.identifier01406736
dc.identifier1474547X
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/11323/8114
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2
dc.identifierCorporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifierREDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/9170898
dc.descriptionBackground: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51-12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9-21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12-9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6-16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3-13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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dc.languageeng
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dc.rightsCC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.sourceThe Lancet
dc.sourcehttps://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30752-2/fulltext
dc.subjectLeading risk factors
dc.subjectPublic health
dc.subjectRelative risk
dc.titleGlobal burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
dc.typeArtículo de revista
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.typeText
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.typehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa


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