Efecto de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal en el control de la marchitez vascular (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici [(Sacc.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen]) del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

dc.contributorZamorano-Montañez, Carolina
dc.contributorJairo Leguizamón Caicedo
dc.contributorGIPPA: Producción Agropecuaria (Categoría A1)
dc.creatorVásquez Ramírez, Luisa Mayens
dc.date2022-12-01T23:19:22Z
dc.date2023-12-01
dc.date2022-12-01T23:19:22Z
dc.date2022-12-01
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-06T18:28:25Z
dc.date.available2023-09-06T18:28:25Z
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/18202
dc.identifierUniversidad de Caldas
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/8697904
dc.descriptionIlustraciones, fotos, gráficas
dc.descriptionspa:El tomate Solanum lycopersicum L. es una de las hortalizas de mayor difusión en el mundo. Una de las enfermedades más graves que afecta al cultivo por su carácter sistémico y por su difícil manejo, es la Marchitez Vascular causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), que causa pérdidas en la producción de 21% en sistemas a libre exposición y de más de 40%, bajo cubierta. El objetivo general de este estudio fue contribuir en el manejo integrado de esta enfermedad a través del uso de métodos amigables con el medio ambiente como el control biológico y fuentes de resistencia genética. Los objetivos específicos fueron desarrollar una metodología de bioensayo para evaluar la patogenicidad de Fol en plántulas de tomate y el segundo fue determinar el efecto de cinco aislamientos de Bacterias Promotoras de Crecimiento Vegetal (BPCV), Gluconacetobacter sacchari (GIBI 014, GIBI 031), Serratia marcescens (GIBI 137), Serratia grimesii (GIBI 139) y Burkholderia tropica (GIBI 130) sobre el control de la enfermedad, en seis accesiones de plantas de tomate: IAC426, IAC391, IAC412, LA1480, Santa Clara y Carguero. Se trabajó con un aislamiento de Fol de la región, el cual se identificó como raza 1 mediante pruebas morfológicas y moleculares. Se recomienda usar para pruebas rápidas plántulas de 14 días, y para prolongadas de 30, sin poda radical. La duración de las evaluaciones y la dosis depende del genotipo. Se evaluó in vitro, por medio de cultivos duales, el crecimiento, inhibición de la esporulación y de la germinación de Fol. Tres aislamientos pudieron controlar a Fol: Gluconacetobacter sacchari aislamientos GIBI014 y GIBI031 y Burkholderia tropica aislamiento GIBI130. En cuanto a la evaluación en el campo, sobre cada una de las accesiones de tomate, se encontró que las BPCV son altamente específicas y solo el aislamiento GIBI031 de G. sacchari mostró resultados prometedores en la accesión IAC412. En algunas accesiones los efectos de las BPCV fueron negativos y potenciaron la severidad de la enfermedad. Benomilo dio buenos resultados para el control de la enfermedad, pero en algunos casos no mejoró la producción.
dc.descriptioneng:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widespread vegetables in the world. One of the most serious diseases affecting the crop because of its systemic nature and difficult management is vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), which causes yield losses of 21% in free exposure systems and more than 40% under cover. The general objective of this study was to contribute to the integrated management of this disease using environmentally friendly methods such as biological control and sources of genetic resistance. The specific objectives were to develop a bioassay methodology to evaluate the pathogenicity of Fol in tomato seedlings and the second was to determine the effect of five isolates of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB), Gluconacetobacter sacchari (GIBI 014, GIBI 031), Serratia marcescens (GIBI 137), Serratia grimesii (GIBI 139) and Burkholderia tropica (GIBI 130) on disease control, on six tomato plant accessions: IAC426, IAC391, IAC412, LA1480, Santa Clara and Carguero. We worked with an isolate of Fol from the region, which was identified as race 1 by morphological and molecular tests. It is recommended to use 14-day seedlings for rapid tests, and 30-day seedlings for prolonged tests, without root pruning. The duration of the evaluations and the dose depend on the genotype. The growth, sporulation inhibition and germination of Fol were evaluated in vitro by means of dual cultures. Three isolates were able to control Fol: Gluconacetobacter sacchari isolates GIBI014 and GIBI031 and Burkholderia tropica isolate GIBI130. As for the field evaluation on each of the tomato accessions, it was found that the PGPBs are highly specific and only isolate GIBI031 of G. sacchari showed promising results on accession IAC412. In some accessions the effects of PGPBs were negative and enhanced disease severity. Benomyl gave good results for disease control, but in some cases did not improve yield.
dc.descriptionContenido / RESUMEN / ABSTRACT / LA PLANTA DE TOMATE / IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA DEL CULTIVO DEL TOMATE / MARCHITEZ VASCULAR CAUSADA POR FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI / BIBLIOGRAFÍA / GENERAL / ESPECÍFICOS / CAPÍTULO 1 / IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA RAZA FISIOLÓGICA DE FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI [(SACC.) W.C. SNYDER & H.N. HANSEN)] DE TOMATE EN PEREIRA, COLOMBIA / RESUMEN / ABSTRACT / 1.1 HIPÓTESIS / 1.2 ESTADO DEL ARTE / 1.3 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS / 1.3.1 Obtención de un cultivo monospórico / 1.3.2 Caracterización morfológica del aislamiento “Combia” de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici bajo microscopía óptica y electrónica / 1.3.3 Identificación de la raza mediante marcadores moleculares / 1.3.4 Evaluación de tres materiales comerciales con genes de resistencia / 1.4 RESULTADOS / 1.4.1 Obtención de un cultivo monospórico / 1.4.2 Caracterización morfológica del aislamiento “Combia” de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici bajo microscopía óptica y electrónica / 1.4.3 Identificación de la raza mediante marcadores moleculares / 1.4.4 Evaluación de tres materiales comerciales con genes de resistencia / 1.5 DISCUSIÓN / 1.6 CONCLUSIONES / 1.7 BIBLIOGRAFÍA / CAPÍTULO 2 / ACTIVIDAD ANTAGÓNICA IN VITRO DE BACTERIAS PROMOTORAS DE CRECIMIENTO VEGETAL CONTRA FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI [(SACC) SNYDER & HANSEN] / RESUMEN / ABSTRACT / 2.1 ESTADO DEL ARTE / 2.2 HIPÓTESIS / 2.3 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS / 2.3.1 Obtención de material biológico / 2.3.2 Determinación in vitro de la actividad antagónica directa de las especies de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento sobre Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici / 2.4 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN / 2.4.1 Obtención de Material Biológico / 2.4.2 Determinación in vitro de la actividad antagónica directa de las especies de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento sobre Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici / 2.5 CONCLUSIONES / 2.6 BIBLIOGRAFÍA / CAPÍTULO 3 / DESARROLLO DE UNA METODOLOGÍA DE BIOENSAYO PARA EVALUAR LA PATOGENICIDAD DE FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI (FOL) EN PLÁNTULAS DE TOMATE (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) / RESUMEN / ABSTRACT / 3.1 HIPÓTESIS / 3.2 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS / 3.2.1. Descripción del área de estudio / 3.2.2. Material Genético / 3.2.3. Inóculo de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersii (Fol) / 3.2.4. Establecimiento y Mantenimiento del Bioensayo / 2.3.2.5. Variables y Diseño Experimental / 3.3 RESULTADOS / 3.3.1 Severidad de la Marchitez Vascular / 3.3.2 Peso seco de raíces / 3.3.3 Peso seco de la parte aérea/ 3.3.4 Peso seco de frutos / 3.4 DISCUSIÓN / 3.4.1 Severidad de la Marchitez Vascular / 3.4.2 Peso seco de raíces / 3.4.3 Peso seco de la parte aérea / 3.4.4 Peso seco de frutos / 3.5 CONCLUSIONES / 3.6 BIBLIOGRAFÍA / CAPÍTULO 4 / EFECTO DE CINCO AISLAMIENTOS DE BACTERIAS PROMOTORAS DE CRECIMIENTO VEGETAL (BPCV): GIBI 014, GIBI 031, GIBI 137, GIBI 139 Y GIBI 419 SOBRE SEIS ACCESIONES DE PLANTAS DE TOMATE: IAC426, IAC391, IAC412, LA1480, SANTA CLARA Y CARGUERO INOCULADAS CON FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. LYCOPERSICI/ RESUMEN / ABSTRACT / 4.1 HIPÓTESIS / 4.2 ESTADO DEL ARTE / 4.2.1 Materiales de tomate silvestre y variedades mejoradas / 4.2.2 Bacterias Promotoras de Crecimiento Vegetal / 4.3 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS / 4.3.1 Descripción del área de estudio / 4.3.2 Material Genético / 4.3.3 Inóculos / 4.3.4 Establecimiento del Experimento en el campo / 4.3.5 Diseño experimental y análisis estadístico / 4.4. RESULTADOS / ACCESIONES DE TOMATE TIPO CHERRY / 4.4.1 ACCESIÓN IAC391 / 4.4.2 ACCESIÓN IAC412 / 4.4.3 ACCESIÓN IAC426 / 4.4.4. ACCESIÓN LA 1480 / ACCESIONES DE TOMATE TIPO CHONTO / 4.4.5 HÍBRIDO CARGUERO/ 4.4.6 HÍBRIDO SANTA CLARA / 4.5. DISCUSIÓN / ACCESIONES DE TOMATE TIPO CEREZA / 4.5.1 ACCESIÓN IAC391 / 4.5.2 ACCESIÓN IAC412 / 4.5.3 ACCESIÓN IAC426 / 4.5.4. ACCESIÓN LA 1480 / ACCESIONES DE TOMATE TIPO CHONTO / 4.5.5 HÍBRIDO CARGUERO / 4.5.6 HÍBRIDO SANTA CLARA / 4.6 CONCLUSIONES / 4.7 RECOMENDACIONES / 4.7 BIBLIOGRAFÍA / ANEXOS / ANEXO 1: RESULTADO DEL ANÁLISIS QUÍMICO Y DE FERTILIDAD DE SUELO DE LA GRANJA MONTELINDO / ANEXO 2 / ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA PARA NÚMERO DE FRUTOS COSECHADOS / ANEXO 3 / ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA PARA PESO DE FRUTOS COSECHADOS (PFRC) EN GRAMOS / ANEXO 4 / ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA PARA PESO SECO DE LA PARTE AÉREA DE LA PLANTA EN GRAMOS (PSAEREO) / ANEXO 5 / ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA PARA PESO SECO DE LA RAÍZ EN GRAMOS (PSRAIZ) / ANEXO 6 / ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA PARA PERÍODO DE INCUBACIÓN EN DÍAS (P_INCU) / ANEXO 7 / ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA PARA LONGITUD DEL DAÑO EN CENTÍMETROS (LONG_D) / ANEXO 8 / ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA PARA EL ÁREA BAJO LA CURVA DE LA ENFERMEDAD / ANEXO 9 / PRUEBA DE FRIEDMAN PARA LA VARIABLE ESCALA / ANEXO 10 / VALORES DE LA MEDIA, COEFICIENTE DE VARIACIÓN Y ERROR ESTÁNDAR DE LA MEDIA PARA LAS VARIABLES QUE MOSTRARON DIFERENCIA EN EL ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA EN EL HÍBRIDO CARGUERO / ANEXO 11 VALORES DE LA MEDIA, COEFICIENTE DE VARIACIÓN Y ERROR ESTÁNDAR DE LA MEDIA PARA LAS VARIABLES QUE MOSTRARON DIFERENCIA EN EL ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA EN LA ACCESIÓN IAC391 / ANEXO 12 / VALORES DE LA MEDIA, COEFICIENTE DE VARIACIÓN Y ERROR ESTÁNDAR DE LA MEDIA PARA LAS VARIABLES QUE MOSTRARON DIFERENCIA EN EL ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA EN LA ACCESIÓN IAC412 / ANEXO 13 / VALORES DE LA MEDIA, COEFICIENTE DE VARIACIÓN Y ERROR ESTÁNDAR DE LA MEDIA PARA LAS VARIABLES QUE MOSTRARON DIFERENCIA EN EL ANÁLISIS DE VARIANZA EN LA ACCESIÓN IAC426 / ANEXO 14 / VALORES DE ÁREA BAJO LA CURVA DE LA ENFERMEDAD (ABCE) PARA CADA UNO DE LOS MATERIALES DE TOMATE EVALUADOS / BIBLIOGRAFÍA
dc.descriptionMaestría
dc.descriptionNo autorizo la publicación en acceso abierto porque está pendiente la publicación de artículos
dc.descriptionMagister en Fitopatología
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dc.languageeng
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias
dc.publisherManizales
dc.publisherMaestría en Fitopatología
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dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
dc.subjectControl biológico
dc.subjectResistencia genética
dc.subjectManejo integrado
dc.subjectEnfermedad de las plantas
dc.titleEfecto de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal en el control de la marchitez vascular (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici [(Sacc.) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen]) del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.typeText
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion


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