Características geológicas del Campo Volcánico Monogenético Samaná: Implicaciones en su evolución magmática

dc.contributorMurcia, Hugo
dc.contributorDayana Schonwalder P
dc.creatorSánchez Torres, Laura
dc.date2022-08-10T22:24:20Z
dc.date2022-08-10T22:24:20Z
dc.date2022-08-10
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-06T18:24:38Z
dc.date.available2023-09-06T18:24:38Z
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/handle/ucaldas/17914
dc.identifierUniversidad de Caldas
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad de Caldas
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.ucaldas.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/8696889
dc.descriptionspa:El Campo Volcánico Monogenético Samaná corresponde al vulcanismo más septentrional de la cadena volcánica de Los Andes y se encuentra localizado en el departamento de Caldas, Colombia, en la Cordillera Central. Este campo alberga al menos siete volcanes entre efusivos (domos de lava Pela Huevos, Piamonte, Morrón y Guadalupe), explosivos (maar San Diego y cono de toba El Escondido) y un edificio volcánico sin definir (Norcasia). La ubicación del campo está por encima de los 5°N en donde se ha propuesto un cambio en el ángulo de subducción de la placa Nazca bajo la Suramericana. En esta zona la subducción se ha evidenciado que es plana y por ende no volcanogénica; a pesar de esto, este trabajo evidencia que el vulcanismo es más común. Este estudio, utiliza técnicas de petrografía, química mineral, química de roca total, estimaciones geotermobarométricas, con el objetivo de caracterizar composicionalmente los volcanes, así como análisis geocronológicos de los volcanes del Campo Volcánico Monogenético Samaná para reconstruir su evolución geológica. Los análisis indican que todos los volcanes presentan rocas porfiríticas con masa fundamental vítrea y en algunos casos microcristalina y criptocristalina; también presentan comúnmente texturas glomeroporfiríticas y texturas de desequilibrio como zonación, textura en tamiz y bordes de reacción en los diferentes cristales. Mineralógicamente, se reconoció que plagioclasa (An26-74) y anfíbol (magensiohastingsita, tschermakita y en ocasiones magnesihornblenda), son las fases más abundantes. Piroxeno (Wo2-45 En41-76 Fs10-28) está presente en los volcanes Norcasia y Pela Huevos, mientras que olivino (Fo82-88) está presente en los volcanes Pela Huevos y Guadalupe. Biotita se reconoció en los volcanes San Diego, El Escondido, Morrón y Guadalupe, mientras que cuarzo solo se encontró en los volcanes San Diego y El Escondido. Óxidos de Fe-Ti (Usp7-99 Mag1-95 e Ilm64-91 Hem1-91) están presentes como fase menor en todos los volcanes. Químicamente, los volcanes son de composición andesítica a dacítica, de afinidad calco-alcalina, indicando ambientes típicos de subducción. A partir de los análisis geotermobarométricos, fue posible determinar que las condiciones de cristalización para plagioclasa fueron de 943 – 891°C y 0,8 – 0,14 GPa, para anfíbol de 987 – 810°C y 0,8 – 0,19 GPa, para piroxeno de 1192 – 1147 °C y 0,8 – 0,5 GPa y para óxidos de Fe-Ti de 871 – 687°C. Toda esta información permite sugerir múltiples procesos fisicoquímicos del magma en su ascenso a superficie, así como una evolución diferencial a partir de una fuente magmática en común para todos los volcanes. Cristalización fraccionada fue el principal proceso por el cual los magmas evolucionaron, tanto durante el ascenso como por estancamientos a niveles corticales. Las condiciones de cristalización de las diferentes fases establecen que piroxeno fue la primera fase en cristalizar (entre 32 y 19 km de profundidad), seguido de anfíbol y plagioclasa (entre 31 y 6 km de profundidad); los cristales de biotita y cuarzo se estima que se formaron a condiciones más superficiales, al igual que óxidos de Fe-Ti que corresponden a la última fase en cristalizar. El estancamiento de los magmas, favoreció también diferentes grados de asimilación de la roca caja. Adicionalmente, se propone que una zona de acumulación en la corteza media fue afectada por recargas magmáticas generando procesos de mezcla de magmas e incorporando antecristales de olivino. Es a partir de esta zona de estancamiento, que los magmas ascendieron a través de diferentes pulsos y de diferentes diques para formar cada uno de los volcanes monogenéticos del campo. Finalmente, las edades conocidas hasta el momento para algunos de los volcanes (153 – 16 ka) evidencian un carácter reciente y potencialmente activo del campo con fuertes implicaciones de amenaza para la región.
dc.descriptioneng:The Samaná Monogenetic Volcanic Field corresponds to the northernmost volcanism of the Andes volcanic chain and is located in the department of Caldas, Colombia, in the Central Cordillera. This field hosts at least seven volcanoes including effusive (Pela Huevos, Piamonte, Morrón and Guadalupe lava domes), explosives (San Diego maar and El Escondido tuff cone) and an undefined volcanic edifice (Norcasia). The location of the field is above 5°N where a change in the angle of subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American plate has been proposed. In this zone the subduction has been shown to be flat and therefore not volcanogenic. Despite this, this work shows that volcanism is common. This study uses techniques of petrography, mineral chemistry, whole-rock chemistry and geothermobarometric estimates, with the aim of compositionally characterizing the volcanoes; in addition, it uses geochronological analysis to reconstruct the geological evolution. The analyzes indicate that all the volcanoes present porphyritic rocks with a glassy groundmass and in some cases microcrystalline and cryptocrystalline; they also commonly present glomeroporphyritic textures and disequilibrium textures such as zoning, sieve texture and reaction rims in the different crystals. Mineralogically, plagioclase (An26-74) and amphibole (magensiohastingsite, tschermakite and sometimes magnesihornblende) were recognized as the most abundant phases. Pyroxene (Wo2-45 En41-76 Fs10-28) is present in the Norcasia and Pela Huevos volcanoes, while olivine (Fo82-88) is present in the Pela Huevos and Guadalupe volcanoes. Biotite was recognized in the San Diego, El Escondido, Morrón and Guadalupe volcanoes, while quartz was only found in the San Diego and El Escondido volcanoes. Fe-Ti oxides (Usp7-99 Mag1-95 and Ilm64-91 Hem1-91) are present as minor phase in all volcanoes. Chemically, the volcanoes are of andesitic to dacitic composition, with calc-alkaline affinity, indicating typical subduction environments. From the geothermobarometric analyses, it was possible to determine that the crystallization conditions for plagioclase were 943 – 891°C and 0.8 – 0.14 GPa, for amphibole 987 – 810°C and 0.8 – 0.19 GPa, for pyroxene from 1192 – 1147 °C and 0.8 – 0.5 GPa and for Fe-Ti oxides from 871 – 687 °C. All this information allows us to suggest multiple physicochemical processes of the magma in its ascent to the surface, as well as a differential evolution from a common magmatic source for all the volcanoes. Fractional crystallization was the main process by which magmas evolved, both during ascent and by stagnation at crustal levels. The crystallization conditions of the different phases establish that pyroxene was the first phase to crystallize (between 32 and 19 km depth), followed by amphibole and plagioclase (between 31 and 6 km depth); biotite and quartz crystals are estimated to have formed under more superficial conditions, as well as Fe-Ti oxides that correspond to the last phase to crystallize. The stagnation of the magmas also favored different degrees of assimilation of the host rock. Additionally, it is proposed that an accumulation zone in the middle crust was affected by magmatic recharges, generating magma mixing processes and incorporating olivine antecrystals. It is from this stagnation zone that the magmas rise through different pulses and different dikes to form each of the monogenetic volcanoes in the field. Finally, the ages known to date for some of the volcanoes (153-16 ka) show a recent and potentially active nature of the field with strong hazard implications for the region.
dc.descriptionIntroducción 1.1/ Objetivos 2/ Objetivo general.2 Objetivos/ específicos 2/ Marco geológico-estructural 2.1/ Marco tectónico 2.2/ Magmatismo 2.3/ Geología estructural 2.4/ Litología 2.5/ Campo Volcánico Monogenético Samaná (CVMS) 2.5.1 Volcán San Diego 2.5.2/ Volcán Norcasia 2.5.3/ Volcán El Escondido 2.5.4/ Volcán Pela Huevos 2.5.5/ Volcán Morrón 2.5.6/ Volcán Piamonte 2.5.7/ Volcán Guadalupe 3/ Marco teórico3.1/ Campos volcánicos monogenéticos 3.2/ Sistemas de alimentación magmático en vulcanismo monogenético 4/ Metodología 4.1/ Trabajo de campo y muestreo 4.2/ Petrografía 4.3/ Química mineral 4.4/ Química de roca total 4.5/ Datación C14 5/ Resultados 5.1/ Descripción macroscópica 5.2. Petrografía 5.2.1/ Plagioclasa 5.2.2/ Anfíbol 5.2.3/ Piroxeno y olivino 5.2.4/ Biotita y cuarzo 5.3/ Química mineral 5.3.1/ Plagioclasa 5.3.2/ AnfíbolOlivino 5.3.5/ Biotita 5.3.6/ Óxidos de Fe-Ti0 5.4/ Química de roca total5.5/ Edad 6/ Discusión 6.1/ Interpretación de texturas 6.2/ Geotermobarometría 6.2.1/ Olivino5 6.2.2/ Piroxeno 6.2.2.1/ Ortopiroxeno 6.2.2.2/ Clinopiroxeno 6.2.2.3/ Dos piroxenos6.2.3/ Plagioclasa 6.2.4/Anfíbol 6.2.4.1/ Presión y temperatura 6.2.4.2/ Fugacidad de oxígeno 6.2.4.3/ Contenido de Agua 6.2.5/ Óxidos de Fe-Ti6.3/ Evolución magmática 6.3.1/ Cristalización fraccionada 6.3.1.1/ Piroxeno y plagioclasa 6.3.1.2/ Anfíbol6.3.1.3/ Biotita y cuarzo 6.3.1.4/ Óxidos de Fe-Ti 6.3.1.5/ Consideraciones finales6.3.2./Asimilación cortical 6.3.2.1/ ¿Xenocristales? 6.3.2.2 /Variaciones químicas6.3.3/ Mezcla de magmas 6.3.3.1/ Características petrográficas 6.3.3.2/ Variaciones químicas 6.3.4/ Consideraciones finales 6.4/ Modelo del sistema de alimentación magmático del CVMS 6.5/ Implicaciones de amenaza 6.5.1/ Consideraciones petrológicas2 6.5.2/ Consideraciones espaciales y estructurales 6.5.3/ Consideraciones temporales 6.5.4/ Consideraciones de estilos eruptivos 6.5.5/ Consideraciones finales7/Conclusiones 8/ Referencias
dc.descriptionMaestría
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dc.languageeng
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales
dc.publisherManizales
dc.publisherMaestría en Ciencias de la Tierra
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dc.rightsAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.subjectVulcanismo monogenético silíceo
dc.subjectErupciones monogenéticas efusivas
dc.subjectEstancamiento de magma
dc.subject. Campos monogenéticos de larga vida
dc.subjectEvolución magmática compleja
dc.subjectSilicic monogenetic volcanism
dc.subjectEffusive monogenetic eruptions
dc.subjectMagma stagnation
dc.subjectLong-lived monogenetic fields
dc.subjectComplex magma evolution
dc.subjectCiencias de la tierra
dc.subjectGeomagnetismo
dc.titleCaracterísticas geológicas del Campo Volcánico Monogenético Samaná: Implicaciones en su evolución magmática
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
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