Rangos de hogar y desplazamiento de Caiman crocodilus y Crocodylus acutus en temporada seca del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Colombia: una aproximación a través de la radiotelemetría como herramienta de conservación

Home range and movement of Caiman crocodilus and Crocodylus acutus during a dry season in Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombia: an approach using radiotelemetry as a conservation tool

dc.contributorBalaguera Reina, Sergio Alejandro
dc.contributorPinto Sánchez, Nelsy Rocio
dc.creatorPinzón-Barrera, María Catalina
dc.date2023-03-23T22:38:13Z
dc.date2023-03-23T22:38:13Z
dc.date2022-09-26
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-06T17:43:18Z
dc.date.available2023-09-06T17:43:18Z
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/10654/43602
dc.identifierinstname:Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
dc.identifierreponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
dc.identifierrepourl:https://repository.unimilitar.edu.co
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/8692444
dc.descriptionColombia es uno de los países más diversos en crocodylianos del mundo. Sin embargo, se desconoce ampliamente la ecología espacial de Crocodylus acutus (Caimán aguja) y Caiman crocodilus (babilla) en estado silvestre. Actualmente, no se han realizado estudios en el país para conocer la dinámica espacial de estas especies y su relación con el medio ambiente a través de radiotelemetría. Se evaluó la ecología espacial de Crocodylus acutus y Caiman crocodilus en el sector oriental del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (Arrecifes y Cañaveral) usando transmisores VHF durante el primer semestre del 2021. Se obtuvieron 275 registros a partir de seis individuos monitoreados con rangos etarios de juvenil y adulto para C. acutus y subadultos para C. crocodilus. Específicamente, se monitorearon dos machos y una hembra para cada especie, con un porcentaje de error del 12.69% y frecuencia de monitoreos por día de 1.02±0.56 y 0.61±0.37, respectivamente. Se determinó el rango de hogar mediante los métodos del Mínimo Polígono Convexo (MPC), cascos convexos locales (LoCoH) y estimación de densidad kernel (KDE) con isopletas al 100%, 95% y 50%, encontrando en los tres métodos un rango máximo para C. acutus de 0.189 km 2 y de 0.042 km 2 para C. crocodilus, siendo LoCoH el método más preciso. Solo dos individuos presentaron autocorrelación espacial significativa (I-Moran z-score:2.65, p-value:0.08e-01 y z-score:2.23, p-value:0.26e-01) correspondiente a una distribución agrupada con confianza superior al 97%. No obstante, todos los individuos tuvieron distancias medias recorridas (DMR) < 1 km en un periodo de cinco meses (Feb-Jul), con una época de sequía extendida en campo del 2021. Se comprobó que C. acutus presentó significativamente mayores desplazamientos que C. crocodilus ( p-value = 3.82e-06, p-value = 1.53e-05, respectivamente). Por otro lado, con el inicio de lluvias en julio aumentaron las DMR semanales de C. acutus, se encontró un efecto positivo con la precipitación promedio (PP) (z-value: 2.04, p-value:0.04, 95% de confianza), a través de regresiones lineales generalizadas con base en distribuciones negativas binomiales. En contraste, las DMR semanales de C. crocodilus se vieron afectadas por más co-variables ambientales (radiación solar, PP, temperatura media y mínima). Se resalta que el modelo más robusto que se obtuvo para C. crocodilus tiene una fuerza explicativa del 87.76%, contrastado con C. acutus de 31.41%. Por lo tanto, es necesario aumentar el número de individuos y tiempo de monitoreo, al igual que explorar más variables abióticas y bióticas que pueden estar influenciando las DMR de las especies de estudio. Finalmente, estos datos espaciales aportan información valiosa en planes de manejo y futuras investigaciones dentro y fuera del área protegida para la conservación y manejo de crocodylianos, así mismo de los ecosistemas asociados a su distribución.
dc.descriptionGrupo de Especialistas de Cocodrilos (CSG), de la Comisión para la Supervivencia de Especies (SSC) de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN).
dc.descriptionUniversidad de Ibagué
dc.descriptionCrocFest
dc.descriptionNaturalSIG
dc.descriptionÍNDICE PÁG AGRADECIMIENTOS 4 RESUMEN 5 1.MARCO TEÓRICO 7 1.1. Tipos de sistemas de radiotelemetría 9 1.1.1 Telemetría VHF 9 1.1.2 Telemetría UHF 10 1.1.3 Telemetría satelital / GPS 11 1.1.4 Telemetría acústica 12 1.2 Métodos estadísticos para analizar datos de telemetría 13 1.2.1 Análisis espacial: autocorrelación y patrones espaciales 13 1.2.2 Mínimo Polígono convexo 14 1.2.3 Análisis de cascos convexos locales 14 1.2.4 Densidad de kernel 15 1.2.5 Análisis de puntos calientes 15 1.3 Ecología espacial en el orden Crocodylia 16 1.3.1 Contexto regional y local 19 2. ANTECEDENTES 21 2.1. Familia Crocodylidae 21 2.2. Familia Alligatoridae 22 2.3. Familia Gavialidae 26 2.4. La mujer y los crocodylianos: ¿existe una brecha de género en estudios de ecología espacial por radiotelemetría? 27 2.5 Perspectivas y oportunidades 29 3. ARTÍCULO CIENTÍFICO 31 3.1 Resumen 31 3.2 Abstract 32 3.3 Introducción 33 3.4 Materiales y métodos 35 3.4.1 Área de estudio 35 3.4.2 Captura, marcaje e instalación de transmisores 35 3.4.3 Rutas de registros y triangulación 36 3.4.4 Análisis espacial: autocorrelación, patrones espaciales y rangos de hogar 37 3.4.5 Análisis estadístico 38 3.5 Resultados 38 3.6 Discusión 45 3.7 Conclusiones y recomendaciones 50 3.8 Agradecimientos 51 4. Literatura citada 52 5. Anexos 71
dc.descriptionColombia is one of the most diverse countries regarding crocodylians in the world. However, the spatial ecology of Crocodylus acutus (American crocodile) and Caiman crocodilus (Spectacled caiman) in the wild is largely unknown. To date, no studies have been carried out in the country to understand the spatial dynamics of these species and their relationship with the environment through radiotelemetry. We evaluated the spatial ecology of C. acutus and C. crocodilus in the eastern sector of Tayrona National Natural Park (Arrecifes and Cañaveral) using VHF transmitters during February through July 2021. We collected 275 records from six monitored individuals with age ranges of juvenile and adult for C. acutus and subadults for C. crocodilus. Specifically, two males and one female were monitored for each species with an error rate of 12.69% and frequency of records per day of 1.02±0.56 and 0.61±0.37 respectively. The home range was determined with Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP), Local Convex hull (LoCoH), and the kernel density estimation (KDE) with isopleths at 100%, 95%, and 50%, finding in this method a maximum range for C. acutus of 0.189 km2 and 0.042 km2 for C. crocodilus, with LoCoH being the most accurate method. Only two individuals showed significant spatial autocorrelation (I-Moran z-score:2.65, p-value:0.08e-01 and z-score:2.23, p-value:0.26e-01) corresponding to a clustered distribution with confidence greater than 97%. However, all individuals had mean distances traveled (DMR) <1km in a period of five months (Feb-Jul), with an extended dry season in the field from 2021. It was checked that C. acutus presented significantly greater movements than C. crocodilus (p-value = 3.82e-06, p-value = 1.53e-05, respectively). On the other hand, with the onset of rains in July, the weekly DMR of C. acutus increased, a positive effect was found with the average precipitation (PP) (z-value: 2.04, p-value: 0.04, 95% confidence) , through generalized linear regressions based on binomial negative distributions. In contrast, the weekly DMRs of C. crocodilus were affected by more environmental co-variables: solar radiation, PP, mean and minimum temperature (z-value: 2.12, p- value: 0.33e-01; z-value: -2.01, p-value: 0.45e-01; z value: -2.42, p-value:0.16e-01, respectively). The most robust model obtained for C. crocodilus has an explanatory power of 87.76%, compared to 31.41% for C. acutus. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of individuals and monitoring time, as well as to explore more abiotic and biotic variables that may be influencing the DMR of the study species. Finally, these spatial data provide valuable information for management plans and future research inside and outside the protected area for the conservation and management of crocodylians and associated ecosystems.
dc.descriptionPregrado
dc.formatapplicaction/pdf
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherBiología Aplicada
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias Básicas
dc.publisherUniversidad Militar Nueva Granada
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dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rightsAcceso abierto
dc.subjectSpatial ecology
dc.subjectAmerican crocodile
dc.subjectSpectacled caiman
dc.subjectCrocodylia
dc.subjectProtected area
dc.subjectCAIMAN CROCODILUS
dc.subjectCROCODYLUS ACUTUS
dc.subjectRADIOTELEMETRIA
dc.subjectEcología espacial
dc.subjectCaimán aguja
dc.subjectBabilla
dc.subjectCrocodylia
dc.subjectÁrea protegida
dc.titleRangos de hogar y desplazamiento de Caiman crocodilus y Crocodylus acutus en temporada seca del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Colombia: una aproximación a través de la radiotelemetría como herramienta de conservación
dc.titleHome range and movement of Caiman crocodilus and Crocodylus acutus during a dry season in Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombia: an approach using radiotelemetry as a conservation tool
dc.typeTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.coverageParque Nacional Natural Tayrona
dc.coverageCampus UMNG


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