Analysis of emptying process in pressurized pipes using 2D and 3D CFD models

Abstract

Two-phase transient flows in emptying processes of hydraulic pipelines with entrapped air have been studied in detail in the literature through the development of different mathematical models based on rigid column models. During literature review, it was found that transient flows representing pipeline emptying processes have been rarely studied by two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis. This research begins demonstrating the behavior of air and water in pipelines during emptying processes, and the formulation of existing mathematical models, where two scenarios are considered: i) Emptying process of a branched hydraulic conduction with air valves, and ii) Emptying process of a simple hydraulic conduction without air valves. In this master thesis, two computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were developed to study the hydraulic-thermodynamic parameters that occur in pipe emptying processes. An introduction to CFD modeling is performed for its use in the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analysis of two-phase transient flows. Subsequently, a 2D CFD model is performed to simulate Scenario No. 1 (branched hydraulic conduction with air valves), and a 3D CFD model is performed to simulate Scenario No. 2 (simple hydraulic conduction without air valves), described above. The geometric domains, meshing, boundary conditions, numerical schemes and calculation tolerances for the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for two-phase and compressible flows are defined for numerical processing. The 2D and 3D CFD models are validated with results obtained from experimental measurements carried out by other authors, and by means of a meshing sensitivity analysis. The CFD models show good correlation with the experimental results associated with pressure patterns, velocity, water column length, and allow to visualize in greater detail transient phenomena that are not captured by the mathematical models. These CFD models are compared numerically with their respective mathematical models showing a good agreement, and finally a description of the advantages and disadvantages of the use of mathematical models (1D) and CFD models (2D and 3D) in the resolution of hydraulic engineering problems is performed.