Deficiência e violência na perspectiva de profissionais da rede de proteção e estudantes universitários

Abstract

This dissertation is exploratory in nature and was divided into three studies. In the first study, an integrative literature review was carried out to analyze the national and international scientific production on disability and violence. For the data search the keywords disability AND violence, disability AND violence and disability AND violence were used in the electronic databases Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science and PubMed. Initially, 1953 articles were identified, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were considered eligible for the final sample. Among the studies analyzed, most addressed abuse and disability in general. The data obtained indicated the vulnerability of children and adolescents with disabilities to suffer violence, discussed the risk factors mainly associated with the family environment and children's variables, and the consequences of violence. The second study describes the methodological path of elaboration of a vignette instrument (VIOLETAS - Questionnaire of vignettes on violence against children and adolescents with disability) that followed the stages of construction, based on criteria and scientific recommendations from national and international literature. The instrument aimed to analyze the attitudes of the respondents in face of situations of violence against children and adolescents with disabilities, and was assessed by five expert judges (2 from the violence area, 2 from the disability area and 1 from the law area) and considered the values of the Coefficient of Content Validity - CVC of the judges in relation to parts 1, 2, 3 and vignettes. After the suggested changes, it went through a sample of 20 participants (university students and professionals from the protection network) and after the contributions of the respondents the instrument was adapted to its final version. The third study aimed to analyze the relationship between conceptions of disability and attitudes towards situations of violence against children and adolescents with disabilities. 118 people participated in the research, 41 university students and 77 professionals from the services network (34 from education, 19 from health, 16 from social assistance, 2 from the judiciary, and 6 others). All participants answered an online form composed of the Scale Conceptions of Disability - ECD and VIOLETAS - Questionnaire of vignettes on violence against children and adolescents with disabilities. The analysis of the results indicated that: a) in general there is greater agreement on the part of students and professionals with statements of the historical cultural conception of disability, this data is discussed with the respondents' education and contact with the theme in undergraduate studies; b) most respondents pointed as the first attitude in the five vignettes "Talk to the child/adolescent with disability and/or family" such attitude is considered inappropriate by the literature, because it can cause revictimization, it is discussed that the indicated is to make the notification to the competent bodies; c) regarding the identification of violence and violations of rights, the percentages were high and/or unanimous in the identification of violence and when understood the identification of violations of rights the percentage decreased, it is discussed the inconsistency of this result because it is understood that all violence is a violation of rights, in this discussion it is also pointed out the factors that could prevent the notification of violence; and d) there were no differences in attitudes when understood each of the conceptions of disability. Finally, it is considered that the main contribution of the research was to indicate how emergent investigations in this area are, how important it is to discuss this reality and invest in professional/university training.