Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to murine macrophages and its effect on hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide induction

dc.contributorUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
dc.creatorBonacorsi, C.
dc.creatorRaddi, M.S.G.
dc.creatorCarlos, I.Z.
dc.date2014-05-20T13:25:10Z
dc.date2014-05-20T13:25:10Z
dc.date2004-02-01
dc.date.accessioned2017-04-05T20:02:27Z
dc.date.available2017-04-05T20:02:27Z
dc.identifierBrazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, v. 37, n. 2, p. 207-212, 2004.
dc.identifier0100-879X
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/7964
dc.identifier10.1590/S0100-879X2004000200007
dc.identifierS0100-879X2004000200007
dc.identifierS0100-879X2004000200007.pdf
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2004000200007
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/856475
dc.descriptionChlorhexidine, even at low concentrations, is toxic for a variety of eukaryotic cells; however, its effects on host immune cells are not well known. We evaluated in vitro chlorhexidine-induced cytotoxicity and its effects on reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediate induction by murine peritoneal macrophages. Thioglycollate-induced cells were obtained from Swiss mice by peritoneal lavage with 5 ml of 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline, washed twice and resuspended (10(6) cells/ml) in appropriate medium for each test. Cell preparations contained more than 95% macrophages. The cytotoxicity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) by the horseradish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red and Griess reaction, respectively. The midpoint cytotoxicity values for 1- and 24-h exposures were 61.12 ± 2.46 and 21.22 ± 2.44 µg/ml, respectively. Chlorhexidine did not induce synthesis or liberation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates. When macrophages were treated with various sub-toxic doses for 1 h (1, 5, 10, and 20 µg/ml) and 24 h (0.5, 1, and 5 µg/ml) and stimulated with 200 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) solution, the H2O2 production was not altered; however, the NO production induced by 10 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution varied from 14.47 ± 1.46 to 22.35 ± 1.94 µmol/l and 13.50 ± 1.42 to 20.44 ± 1.40 µmol/l (N = 5). The results showed that chlorhexidine has no immunostimulating activity and sub-toxic concentrations did not affect the response of macrophages to the soluble stimulus PMA but can interfere with the receptor-dependent stimulus LPS.
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherAssociação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica (ABRADIC)
dc.relationBrazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectChlorhexidine
dc.subjectCytotoxicity
dc.subjectMacrophages
dc.subjectNitric oxide
dc.subjectHydrogen peroxide
dc.titleCytotoxicity of chlorhexidine digluconate to murine macrophages and its effect on hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide induction
dc.typeOtro


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