Study of ventilation and virus propagation in an urban bus induced by the HVAC and by opening of windows

dc.creatorCorzo, Santiago Francisco
dc.creatorRamajo, Damian Enrique
dc.creatorIdelsohn, Sergio Rodolfo
dc.date2022-11
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-31T00:04:00Z
dc.date.available2023-08-31T00:04:00Z
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/11336/204290
dc.identifierCorzo, Santiago Francisco; Ramajo, Damian Enrique; Idelsohn, Sergio Rodolfo; Study of ventilation and virus propagation in an urban bus induced by the HVAC and by opening of windows; Elsevier Science SA; Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 401; 115387; 11-2022; 1-18
dc.identifier0045-7825
dc.identifierCONICET Digital
dc.identifierCONICET
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/8543058
dc.descriptionThe external and internal airflow and air renewal inside urban buses have taken especial relevance since the COVID-2 pandemic. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, which focus on the estimation of indoor airflow are not conclusive about the impact of using Heat, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems on diseases’ transmission risk while travelling with open windows has shown to be a good strategy to renew the indoor air. In order to estimate the COVID-2 airborne transmission by aerosols, a real urban bus was simulated by CFD. Twenty passengers (containing the driver) were included in the model with a typical inhalation–exhalation breathing cycle. The concentrations of air exhaled by ten of them were tracked during 30 min using Eulerian scalar tracer, and the concentrations inhaled by the twenty passengers were monitored. Then, the well-known Wells & Riley risk model was applied in order to estimate the cumulative inhaled viruses and the subsequent transmission risk. Four scenarios were considered: HVAC off with closed windows (Case 1), HVAC on with closed windows and 100% of air recirculation (Case 2), HVAC on with closed windows and 75% of air recirculation (Case 3), and HVAC off and the bus moving at 20 km/h with some windows opened (Case 4). Results clearly showed that the motionless condition (Case 1) caused the highest transmission risk around the emitters with negligible risk far from them. On the contrary, the HVAC on reduced the maximum risk to only 6% (Case 2) and 3% (Case 3) of the risk estimated for Case 1. Finally, travelling with some open windows promotes a large air renewal, reducing almost completely the transmission risk.
dc.descriptionFil: Corzo, Santiago Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
dc.descriptionFil: Ramajo, Damian Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Centro de Investigaciones en Métodos Computacionales; Argentina
dc.descriptionFil: Idelsohn, Sergio Rodolfo. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
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dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherElsevier Science SA
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045782522004480
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.cma.2022.115387
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
dc.subjectAIR RENEWAL
dc.subjectAIRBORNE DISEASE TRANSMISSION
dc.subjectCFD
dc.subjectURBAN BUS
dc.subjecthttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2.3
dc.subjecthttps://purl.org/becyt/ford/2
dc.titleStudy of ventilation and virus propagation in an urban bus induced by the HVAC and by opening of windows
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.typeinfo:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion


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