Ácido tranexámico y su aplicación en cirugía oral. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic analogue of lysine, which inhibits fibrinolysis by reducing the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin, thereby promoting the preservation of the clot formed in the operated area and reducing the risk of bleeding. It is eventually used as a complement in oral surgery. Purpose: To analyze the evidence on the effectiveness in hemostasis, appropriate dose, safety margin, benefits, and postoperative evolution of TXA used in oral surgery. Methods: The systematic review was structured from a search tree (PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Scopus), with the keywords and Boolean connector: Tranexamic Acid AND Oral Surgery. The search was limited to the English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages; open-access articles; systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and case reports. We established a secondary selection based on the title and abstract of the articles according to the purpose of the study. Findings: The literature reports an efficacy of 80 % of TXA in reducing bleeding risk during and after surgical procedures, which optimizes the procedures. Conclusions: Topical or intravenous TXA in doses not exceeding 20 mg has proven to be effective to reduce the risk of bleeding in oral surgery.