Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India

dc.creatorKakraliya Suresh Kumar
dc.creatorJat, H.S.
dc.creatorIshwar Singh
dc.creatorGora, M.K.
dc.creatorKakraliya, M.
dc.creatorBijarniya, D.
dc.creatorSharma, P.C.
dc.creatorJat, M.L.
dc.date2023-01-14T01:25:13Z
dc.date2023-01-14T01:25:13Z
dc.date2022
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-17T20:10:04Z
dc.date.available2023-07-17T20:10:04Z
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10883/22408
dc.identifier10.1038/s41598-022-12686-4
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/7514155
dc.descriptionIntensive tillage operations, indiscriminate use of irrigation water, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides and crop biomass burning have made the conventional rice–wheat (RW) system highly energy-intensive and inefficient. In the recent past, portfolios of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAP) have been promoted as a potential alternative to improve the energy efficiency in conventional RW system. Therefore, to evaluate the energy input–output relation, energy flow and economic efficiency in various combinations of crop management options, a 3-year (2014–2017) on-farm study was conducted at Karnal, India. Various portfolio of management practices; Sc1-Business as usual (BAU) or Conventional tillage (CT) without residue, Sc2-CT with residue, Sc3-Reduce tillage (RT) with residue + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), Sc4-RT/Zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF, Sc5-ZT with residue + RDF + GreenSeeker + Tensiometer, Sc6-Sc5 + Nutrient expert were investigated. Present study results revealed that net energy, energy use efficiency and energy productivity were 11–18, 31–51 and 29–53% higher under CSAP (mean of Sc4, Sc5 and Sc6) in RW system than Sc1, respectively. However, renewable and non-renewable energy inputs were 14 and 33% higher in Sc1 compared to CSAP (4028 and 49,547 MJ ha−1), respectively, it showed that BAU practices mostly dependents on non-renewable energy sources whereas CSAP dependents on renewable energy sources. Similarly, the adoption of CSAP improved the biomass yield, net farm income and economic efficiency by 6–9, 18–23 and 42–58%, respectively compared to Sc1. Overall, the adoption of CSAP could be a viable alternative for improving energy use efficiency, farm profitability and eco-efficiency in the RW system.
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherNature Publishing Group
dc.relationhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-12686-4#Sec23
dc.relationNutrition, health & food security
dc.relationTransforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia
dc.relationResilient Agrifood Systems
dc.relationCGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
dc.relationCGIAR Research Program on Wheat
dc.relationIndian Council of Agricultural Research
dc.relationCGIAR Trust Fund
dc.relationhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/127854
dc.rightsCIMMYT manages Intellectual Assets as International Public Goods. The user is free to download, print, store and share this work. In case you want to translate or create any other derivative work and share or distribute such translation/derivative work, please contact CIMMYT-Knowledge-Center@cgiar.org indicating the work you want to use and the kind of use you intend; CIMMYT will contact you with the suitable license for that purpose
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.source12
dc.source2045-2322
dc.sourceScientific Reports
dc.source8731
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectIntensive Tillage
dc.subjectConventional Rice–Wheat Systems
dc.subjectEnergy Efficiency
dc.subjectOn-Farm Studies
dc.subjectClimate-Smart Agricultural Practices
dc.subjectCLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE
dc.subjectRICE
dc.subjectWHEAT
dc.subjectCROPPING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSustainable Intensification
dc.titleEnergy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India
dc.typeArticle
dc.typePublished Version
dc.coverageIndia
dc.coverageLondon (United Kingdom)


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