Saúde mental e atenção psicossocial de crianças e adolescentes : contribuições da daseinsanalyse

Abstract

Historically, two models of mental health care can be contemplated: the hospital-centered model, also called asylum, and the psychosocial care model. The first has psychiatric medical knowledge as its main figure, while the second aims at a paradigm shift, replacing the centrality of the concept of illness with an understanding of the so-called mental illness in relation to historical, social and cultural aspects. Psychosocial care aims to replace the asylum model through open services that provide mental health care in territories where individuals live, interact and circulate. Psychosocial care centers are strategic services and gateways to mental health care. Based on these notions, this work seeks to reflect on the singular therapeutic project (STP), a central tool in mental health care, through an experience report of a psychologist who is a technical reference in children and youth mental health. The understanding of the human condition offered by daseinsanalyse offers subsidies to reflect on a procedural conception of the STP, as opposed to a practice that circumscribes it to just one procedure. Furthermore, daseinsanalyse supports the importance of including children and adolescents and their families in their care project, as it presents the human task as care for their own existence. Thus, this paper describes models of mental health care, highlighting the idiosyncrasies in relation to mental health care for children and adolescents. Afterwards, it presents the daily life of a CAPSi and the possible care practices that are built daily. The understanding of children and adolescents in their human condition, Dasein, open and directed to existential possibilities is opposed to developmental notions, which commonly explain the behavior of children and adolescents in general terms. Thus, it is concluded that the STP is a process that starts from the first meeting between the professional and the child/adolescent and that it must be built together with the children, adolescents and their families based on a trusting relationship in order to enhance existential ways.