Identificación y localización de daños en estructuras activas con la técnica de la impedancia electromecánica (EMI) enfocada al monitoreo de la integridad estructural (SHM)

dc.contributorTinoco Navarro , Hector Andres
dc.creatorMarulanda Hurtado , Dairon José
dc.creatorRobledo Callejas , Leonardo
dc.date2023-03-14T19:44:49Z
dc.date2023-03-14T19:44:49Z
dc.date2022
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-05T15:16:57Z
dc.date.available2023-06-05T15:16:57Z
dc.identifierUniversidad Tecnológica de Pereira
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/11059/14610
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/6645755
dc.descriptionEn esta tesis se presenta el uso de la técnica de impedancia electromecánica para la detección y localización de daños en estructuras activas bajo un enfoque de monitoreo estructural mediante pruebas experimentales. Dado que las señales obtenidas de las pruebas experimentales suelen presentar ruidos y grandes dispersiones, estas se homogenizan mediante las funciones de distribución normal, lo que permite estimar diferentes índices escalares para establecer la detección, cuantificación y localización de los daños cuando se comparan las señales capturadas de la estructura sin daño, denominada señal de referencia, con las de la estructura afectada por los daños, denominada señal de monitoreo. Se proponen tres pruebas experimentales en las que se inducen diferentes tipos de daño a las estructuras activas, y se usan transductores piezoeléctricos y un analizador de impedancia para detectar la presencia del daño, cuantificar su severidad y determinar su localización. En la primera prueba, los daños inducidos son marcas y perforaciones practicadas en el material de la estructura, con dimensiones controladas. La segunda prueba se realiza controlando dos tamaños para las perforaciones y cuatro distancias entre estas y el parche piezoeléctrico. Las mediciones de impedancia eléctrica son desacopladas tanto antes como después de inducir los daños en la estructura activa. En la última prueba, el daño estructural se formula como la pérdida de torque de apriete en uniones pernadas. Se encontró que los índices estadísticos usados son criterios adecuados para determinar la presencia del daño en la estructura, así como su severidad y su localización con respecto a la del transductor piezoeléctrico. Esto se concluye al observar las diferencias entre los índices calculados a partir de mediciones de impedancia eléctrica en la estructura intacta con respecto a las mediciones realizadas después de inducir daños en diferentes etapas y ubicaciones.
dc.descriptionThis thesis presents the use of the electro-mechanical impedance technique for the detection and localization of damage in active structures under a structural monitoring approach by means of experimental tests. Since the signals obtained from experimental tests usually present noises and large dispersions, these are homogenized by means of normal distribution functions, which allows estimating different scalar indices to establish the detection, quantification and localization of damage when comparing the signals captured from the undamaged structure, called reference signal, with those from the structure affected by damage, called monitoring signal. Three experimental tests are proposed in which different types of damage are induced to active structures, and piezoelectric transducers and an impedance analyzer are used to detect the presence of damage, quantify its severity, and determine its location. In the first test, the induced damages are marks and holes drilled in the material of the structure, with controlled dimensions. The second test is performed by controlling two sizes for the perforations and four distances between the perforations and the piezoelectric patch. Electrical impedance measurements are decoupled both before and after inducing damage to the active structure. In the last test, structural damage is formulated as the loss of tightening torque in bolted joints. It was found that the statistical indices used are adequate criteria to determine the presence of damage in the structure, as well as its severity and its location with respect to that of the piezoelectric transducer. This is concluded by observing the differences between the indices calculated from electrical impedance measurements on the undamaged structure with respect to measurements made after inducing damage at different stages and locations.
dc.descriptionMaestría
dc.descriptionMagíster en Sistemas Automáticos de Producción
dc.descriptionCONTENIDO CAPÍTULO 1 PRESENTACIÓN ............................................................................ 14 1.2 Justificación .......................................................................................... 16 1.3 Planteamiento del problema ................................................................. 17 1.4 Antecedentes ........................................................................................ 19 1.5 Objetivos ............................................................................................... 20 1.5.1 Objetivo general ............................................................................. 20 1.5.2 Objetivos específicos...................................................................... 21 1.6 Estructura de la tesis ............................................................................ 21 CAPÍTULO 2 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE DAÑOS EN PLACAS ACTIVAS CON ÍNDICES BASADOS EN ELIPSES DE CONFIANZA GAUSSIANAS OBTENIDAS DE LA ADMITANCIA ELECTROMECÁNICA ................................................................... 22 2.1 Introducción .......................................................................................... 22 2.2 Fundamentos teóricos........................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Impedancia electromecánica (EM) acoplada para transductores piezoeléctricos .............................................................................................. 25 2.2.2 Índices de daño basados en una distribución gaussiana normal ... 29 2.2.3 Estimación de la línea base de daño .............................................. 32 2.2.4 Índices RMSD y MAPD para la técnica EMI ................................... 33 2.3 Montaje experimental ............................................................................ 35 2.4 Resultados y discusión ......................................................................... 37 2.4.1 Prueba 1: Identificación de daños superficiales con el índice EDI . 37 2.4.2 Prueba 2: Identificación de daños con diferentes índices (EDI, R M y θ N ) 44 vii 2.4.3 Prueba 3: Identificación de daños a partir de una línea de base probabilística ................................................................................................. 50 CAPÍTULO 3 DETECCIÓN DE DAÑOS EN PLACAS ACTIVAS MEDIANTE LA TÉCNICA DE IMPEDANCIA ELECTROMECÁNICA BASADA EN MEDICIONES DESACOPLADAS DE TRANSDUCTORES PIEZOELÉCTRICOS ....................... 56 3.1 Introducción .......................................................................................... 56 3.2 Fundamentos teóricos........................................................................... 60 3.2.1 Desacople de la impedancia electromecánica (EM) considerando un circuito en paralelo ........................................................................................ 60 3.2.2 Índice Hr basado en una elipse de confianza gaussiana .............. 63 3.3 Metodologías de detección de daños ................................................... 64 3.3.1 Metodología de identificación de daños usando la reactancia ( X ) 64 3.3.2 Metodología de localización de daños mediante la resistencia ( R ) 67 3.4 Montaje experimental ............................................................................ 70 3.5 Resultados y discusión ......................................................................... 72 3.5.1 Identificación de los daños ............................................................. 72 3.5.2 Identificación y localización de daños ............................................ 79 CAPÍTULO 4 DETECCIÓN DE PÉRDIDA DE TORQUE EN UNIONES PERNADAS USANDO LA TÉCNICA DE LA IMPEDANCIA ELECTROMECÁNICA .................. 89 4.1 Introducción .......................................................................................... 89 4.2 Fundamentos teóricos........................................................................... 91 4.2.1 Técnica de impedancia electromecánica........................................ 91 4.2.2 Rango de frecuencia ...................................................................... 91 viii 4.3 Índices de identificación de perdida de par o aflojamiento .................... 91 4.4 Montaje experimental ............................................................................ 92 4.5 Resultados y discusión ......................................................................... 96 CAPÍTULO 5 CONCLUSIONES .......................................................................... 102 PUBLICACIONES ............................................................................................... 104 REFERENCIAS ................................................................................................... 105 ANEXOS ............................................................................................................. 115
dc.format121 Páginas
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Tecnológica de Pereira
dc.publisherFacultad de Ingenierías
dc.publisherPereira
dc.publisherMaestría en Sistemas Automáticos de Producción
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dc.rightsManifiesto (Manifestamos) en este documento la voluntad de autorizar a la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira la publicación en el Repositorio institucional (http://biblioteca.utp.edu.co), la versión electrónica de la OBRA titulada: ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, entidad académica sin ánimo de lucro, queda por lo tanto facultada para ejercer plenamente la autorización anteriormente descrita en su actividad ordinaria de investigación, docencia y publicación. La autorización otorgada se ajusta a lo que establece la Ley 23 de 1982. Con todo, en mi (nuestra) condición de autor (es) me (nos) reservo (reservamos) los derechos morales de la OBRA antes citada con arreglo al artículo 30 de
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dc.rightshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
dc.subject620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines::624 - Ingeniería civil
dc.subjectIngeniería de estructuras
dc.subjectAnálisis espectral - Procesamiento de datos
dc.subjectProcesamiento electrónico de datos - Técnicas estructuradas
dc.subjectTransductores piezoeléctricos
dc.subjectImpedancia electromecánica
dc.subjectDistribuciones gaussianas
dc.titleIdentificación y localización de daños en estructuras activas con la técnica de la impedancia electromecánica (EMI) enfocada al monitoreo de la integridad estructural (SHM)
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc
dc.typehttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.typeText
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
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