Factores de riesgo para la anemia en gestantes adolescentes que acuden al servicio de gineco-obstetricia del Hospital Municipal de la Mujer y el Niño, Cuenca 2022

Abstract

Background: Anemia is considered the second cause of maternal death worldwide, however, in Ecuador there is a percentage of 60% of adolescents who are mostly affected. According to the WHO, this pathology affects 33% of women in general and 40% of pregnant women. Objective: To determine the main risk factors for anemia in pregnant adolescents between 13 and 19 years of age who attend the Obstetrics and Gynecology service of the Municipal Hospital for Women and Children, Cuenca 2022. Method: The study is observational descriptive with a cross-sectional section, with a study sample of 73 pregnant adolescents who attended the hospital, the data obtained were analyzed through their respective tabulation with the help of the SPSS version 25 program, which will be presented in tables with the frequency and its corresponding percentage. Results: The most prevalent age is 16-19 years with 80.8%, 82.2% are in high school, 65.8% reside in rural areas. 64.4% have anemia in the third gestational trimester, 63.3% do not maintain adequate prenatal control, 54.8% have a low economic level, 41.1% have an intergenic period of less than 12 months and, finally, 69.9% presented an inadequate type of diet. Conclusion: In this study, according to the risk table, it was evidenced that prenatal control is a protective factor so that an adolescent does not suffer from anemia during the gestation stage.