Obtención de combustible alternativo mediante la pirolisis de aceites residuales lubricantes de motor

Abstract

The objective of this research was to obtain an alternative fuel through a thermal pyrolysis process using residual motor lubricating oil as raw material, the oil was obtained from the lubricating companies in Riobamba. This chemical type recycling was carried out in a temperature range of 350-400 degrees Celsius with a residence time of 60-120 minutes, to analyze the effect of these two variables on the performance of the final products. The experimental part was carried out in a reactor type Batch with an inert atmosphere of gaseous nitrogen injected through the valves, with a water cooling system at 10 degrees Celsius, leading to the production of liquid, gaseous and solid products. For the analysis of the liquid fraction, FTIR spectroscopy techniques, GC-MS gas chromatography and tests for fuels such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, distillation, cetane index and sulfur content were applied. The result of the pyrolysis was an oily liquid composed of paraffins, olefins and aromatics, with a calorific power of between 45,517-45,750 MJ/kg. The yield of the highest liquid fraction was 81.432% obtained at a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius with a time of 120 minutes. It was determined that the optimal test is the one mentioned above because the analyzed samples have the same composition in paraffinic, olefinic and aromatic compounds with carbon distribution between C6-C20. In this way, it was verified that the increase in temperature that favors the formation of condensable gaseous products. The use of the pyrolyzed product is recommended as industrial fuel in ovens and boilers or its utility as a general use oil due to this product being considered as a regenerated oil.