Standardization of the experimental model of acute renal failure for bidirectional study with an apical periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) occurs in about 5% of hospitalizations and up to 30% of ICU admissions, with mortality rates between 15% and 60%. The objective of this study was to analyze different protocols for the induction of IRA in an animal model, seeking the standardization of the model for the study of bidirectional relationship with apical periodontitis (AP). Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): G1 - Administration of Gentamicin at a dose of 80mg/ kg/day for 5 days; G2 - Administration of Gentamicin at the dose of 100mg/kg/day for 8 days; G3 - Administration of Gentamicin at the dosage of 100mg/kg/day for 10 days. The AP was induced in all groups by means of pulp exposure of the first and second upper and lower molars from the right side. After 30 days, the animals were euthanized, the kidneys collected for histological analysis, and the jaws removed for radiographic analysis. Results: The presence of AP was confirmed in all specimens by radiographic examination. The G3 group had a mortality rate of 75% while G1 and G2 had no mortality. Histologically, the renal tissue of the G2 protocol presented tissue changes such as dilation and more severe tubular necrosis when compared to the G1 protocol (p <0.05). Conclusion: In view of the high mortality rate observed in G3 and the histological findings observed in G1 and G2, the indicated protocol is 100mg/kg/day for 8 days to study the bidirectional relationship with apical periodontitis.