Atualidades nos mecanismos de ação, diagnóstico e controle do Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae nas infecções de suínos

Abstract

The swine pleuropneumonia (PPS) is an infectious disease caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), being classified into 16 serovars. It is a globally distributed disease that affects pigs between two and six months. The APP virulence factors that are related to the development of the disease are numerous and their relation to the pathogenesis and clinical signs of the disease has not been fully understood. These factors are important to understand the mechanisms used by the bacteria to cause such illness: the RTX and Apx toxins, capsular factors, fimbriae and adhesins, the lipopolysaccharide, the hemolysin, cytotoxins and permeability factors, among them. The most commonly used diagnostic methods are isolation, ELISA, PCR and microarrays. The control is based on herd size, degree of infection, vaccination and sanitary measures to eliminate the bacteria. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present updates on the main virulence factors and pathogenesis of the disease.