The Anglophone crisis in the Republic of Cameroon and the inaction of African conflict resolution mechanisms: The inaction of the African conflict resolution mechanisms in the Cameroon crisis
La crisis anglófona en la República de Camerún y la inacción de los mecanismos africanos de resolución de conflictos: La inacción de los mecanismos africanos de resolución de conflictos en la crisis de Camerún;
A crise anglófona na República dos Camarões e a inação dos mecanismos africanos de resolução de conflitos
| dc.creator | Ziebell de Oliveira, Guilherme | |
| dc.creator | Fernandes Cardoso, Nilton César | |
| dc.date | 2021-05-07 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-12-15T15:29:57Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-12-15T15:29:57Z | |
| dc.identifier | https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/5104 | |
| dc.identifier | 10.18359/ries.5104 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/5355048 | |
| dc.description | The present work discusses the actions of African regional and subregional agencies in search of a solution to the crisis in the Republic of Cameroon since 2016. It also presents the elements that have led to the transformation of the Organization for African Unity into African Union and the main differences between these agencies. The processes of creation and evolution of the Economic Community of Central African States and the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States and the emphasis of their action in attempts to ensure the stability of Central Africa is analyzed here, as well as studying the crisis in Cameroon, which identifies the main elements that led to its emergence, which also takes its evolution to be questioned. It is clear that, regarding the existence of regional and subregional institutional structures, aimed at the treatment of cases related to this nature, they have not exercised their prerogatives and fulfilled their responsibilities, which poses a significant threat of setback in terms of the African security landscape. | en-US |
| dc.description | En este trabajo se discute la actuación de los organismos regionales y subregionales africanos en búsqueda de una solución de la crisis vivida en la República de Camerún desde el 2016. Así mismo, se presentan los elementos que han llevado a la transformación de la Organización para la Unidad Africana en Unión Africana y las principales diferencias entre estos organismos. Aquí se discuten los procesos de creación y evolución de la Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Central y la Comunidad Económica y Monetaria de los Estados de África Central, y se da énfasis a su actuación en los intentos por garantizar la estabilidad de África Central, además de analizar la crisis de Camerún, en donde se identifican los principales elementos que llevaron a su surgimiento y que ponen en discusión su evolución. Se evidencia que, en cuanto a la existencia de estructuras institucionales regionales y subregionales, direccionadas al tratamiento de casos de esta naturaleza, estas no han ejercido sus prerrogativas y cumplido con sus responsabilidades, lo que representa una amenaza significativa de retroceso en términos del panorama de seguridad africano. | es-ES |
| dc.description | Neste trabalho, pretende-se discutir a atuação dos organismos regionais e sub-regionais africanos na busca por uma solução da crise vivida na República dos Camarões desde 2016. Além de apresentar os elementos que levaram à transformação da Organização da Unidade Africana em União Africana, bem como as principais diferenças entre essas organizações, neste artigo, discutem-se os processos de criação e evolução da Comunidade Econômica dos Estados da África Central e da Comunidade Econômica e Monetária dos Estados da África Central, dando especial atenção para a sua atuação em tentativas de garantir a estabilidade da África Central, além de analisar a crise camaronesa, identificando os principais elementos que levaram ao seu surgimento e discutindo a sua evolução. Evidencia-se, a partir dessa análise, que a despeito da existência de estruturas institucionais, regionais e sub-regionais, voltadas ao tratamento de casos dessa natureza, elas não têm exercido suas prerrogativas e cumprido com suas responsabilidades, o que representa uma ameaça significativa de retrocesso em termos do panorama securitário africano. | pt-BR |
| dc.format | text/xml | |
| dc.format | application/pdf | |
| dc.language | por | |
| dc.publisher | Universidad Militar Nueva Granada | es-ES |
| dc.relation | https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/5104/4677 | |
| dc.relation | https://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/5104/4688 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Adebajo, A. (2013). The curse of Berlin: Africa after the Cold War. Oxford University Press. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/African Union (AU) (2018a, 9 out.). African union election observation mission to the 7 October 2018 presidential election in the Republic of Cameroon. https://au.int/sites/default/files/pressreleases/35142-pr-final_preliminary_statement_-english_version-09_oct_2018.pdf | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/African Union (AU). (2018b, 16 jul.). Readout of the visit of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission to Cameroon. https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20180716/readout-visit-chairperson-african-union-commission-cameroon | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Agwanda, B., Nyadera, I. N. e Asal, U. Y. (2020). Cameroon and the anglophone crisis. Em O. Richmond e G. Visoka (eds.), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies (pp. 1-11). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11795-5_115-1 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Akokpari, J. e Ancas, S. (2014). The African Union and regional economic communities: A partnership for peace and security? Em T. Murithi (ed.), Handbook of Africa's International Relations (pp. 73-81). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203803929-8 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Amnesty International (AI). (2018). A turn for the worse: Violence and human rights violations in Anglophone Cameroon. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr17/8481/2018/en/ | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Apuuli, K. P. (2018). The AU's peace and security architecture: The African standby force. Em T. Karbo e T. Murithi (eds.), The African Union: Autocracy, diplomacy and peacebuild in Africa (pp. 149-182). I.B. Tauris. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350988422.ch-007 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Awasom, N. F. (2000). The reunification question in Cameroon History: Was the bride an enthusiastic or a reluctant one? Africa Today, 47(2), 91-119. https://doi.org/10.1353/at.2000.0027 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Badmus, I. A. (2015). The African Union's Role in peacekeeping: Building a lesson learned from security operations. Palgrave Macmillan. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Balla, N. F. A. (2017, 2 nov.). The Cameroon Anglophone crisis: Examining escalation and seeking solutions. https://www.chathamhouse.org/event/cameroon-anglophone-crisis-examining-escalation-and-seeking-solutions | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Cameroon crisis: Ambazonia separatists get life sentences. (2019, 20 ago.). BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49406649 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Cameroon elections: Polls overshadowed by boycott, separatist violence. (2020, 9 fev.). Deutsche Welle. https://p.dw.com/p/3XVT1 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Cameroon holds first peace talks with main separatist group. (2020, 4 jul.). Al Jazeera. https://bit.ly/39KGKA3 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Cameroon: African Union endorses Swiss mediation to end Anglophone crisis. (2019, 27 jul.). Journal du Cameroun. https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/cameroon-african-union-endorses-swiss-mediation-to-end-anglophone-crisis/ | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Cameroon's ruling party retains absolute majority after contentious election. (2020, 28 fev.). FRANCE24. https://bit.ly/311ZS8y | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Cardoso, N. e Oliveira, G. Z. (2018). Operações de paz africanas: as experiências da OUA e da UA. Brazilian Journal of International Relations, 7(2), 334-370. https://doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2018.v7n2.07.p334 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2019). The World Factbook: Cameroon. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cm.html | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Chazan, N., Lewis, P., Mortimer, R., Rothchild, D. e Stedman, S. (1999). Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa. Lynne Rienner Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14490-7 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Cynthia, H. (2020). Cameroon conflict insight. Institute for Peace and Security Studies, 1. https://media.africaportal.org/documents/Cameroon-Conflict-Insights-vol-1.pdf | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Dersso, S. (2014). The African Peace and Security Architeture. Em T. Murithi (ed.), Handbook of Africa's International Relations (pp. 51-61). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203803929-6 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Elowson, C. e Wiklund, C. (2011). ECCAS capabilities in peace and security: A scoping study on progress and challenges. Swedish Defence Research Agency. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Englebert, P. (1991). Cameroon: Background to a Crisis. CSIS Africa Notes, 130, 1-8. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Fofung, A. (2019). The Vatican wants to mediate in Cameroon's Anglophone crisis. https://www.panafricanvisions.com/2019/the-vatican-wants-to-mediate-in-cameroons-anglophone-crisis/ | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Fomunyoh, C. (2017, 11 dez.). Understanding Cameroon's crisis of governance. Africa Center. https://africacenter.org/spotlight/understanding-cameroons-crisis-of-governance/ | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Francis, D. J. (2006). Uniting Africa: Building regional peace and security systems. Ashgate Publishing. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Husted, T. e Arieff, A. (2019) In focus: Cameroon. Congressional Research Service. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/IF10279.pdf | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/International Crisis Group (ICG). (2011). Implementing peace and security architecture (I): Central Africa. International Crisis Group Africa Report, 181. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/International Crisis Goup (ICG). (2017, 2 ago.). Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis at the Crossroads. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/cameroon/250-cameroons-anglophone-crisis-crossroads | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/International Crisis Goup (ICG). (2020, s. d.). Cameroon. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/cameroon | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Institute for Security Studies (ISS). (2020). Peace & Security Council Report. Institute for Security Studies, 131. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Jalloh, A. (2020). Nobel Prize laureates call for Cameroon ceasefire. Deutsche Welle. https://p.dw.com/p/3eAA1 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Kiven, B., Stone S. e Maclean, R. (2018). Biya wins again in Cameroon as crackdown disrupts anglophone vote. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/22/paul-biya-cameroon-85-year-old-president-wins-re-election-landslide | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Konings, P. (1996). Le "Problème anglophone" au Cameroun dans les années 1990. Politique africaine, 6(62), 25-64. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Konings, P. e Nyamnioh, F. (2003). Negotiating an Anglophone identity: A study of the politics of recognition and representation in Cameroon. Brill. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Le Roux, P. e Boucher, A. (2018, 26 out.). Growing Instability in Cameroon Raises Fundamental Questions about the State. Africa Center for Strategic Studies. https://africacenter.org/spotlight/growing-instability-cameroon-raises-fundamental-questions-about-state/ | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Maclean, R. (2019, 29 jan.). Cameroon arrests opposition leader who claims he won 2018 election. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jan/29/cameroon-opposition-leader-maurice-kamto-claims-won-2018-election-arrested | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Mays, T. M. (2003). African solutions for African problems: The changing face of African-mandated peace operations. The Journal of Conflict Studies. Fredericton, 23(1), 106-125. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Mbaku, J. M. (2004). Decolonization, Reunification and Federation in Cameroon. Em J. Mbaku e J. Takougang (eds.), The Leadership Challenge in Africa: Cameroon Under Paul Biya (pp. 31-66). Africa Word Press. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Merle, M. (1961). Les plébiscites organisés par les Nations Unies. Annuaire français de droit international, 7, 425-445. https://doi.org/10.3406/afdi.1961.1100 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Meyer, A. (2008). Regional Integration and Security in Central Africa: Assessment and perspectives 10 years after the revival. The Royal Institute for International Relations Egmont Paper, 25. The Royal Institute for International Relations. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Meyer, A. (2011). Peace and security cooperation in Central Africa: Developments, challenges and prospects (Discussion paper n. 56). Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:442741/FULLTEXT01.pdf | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Meyer, A. (2015). Preventing conflict in Central Africa: ECCAS caught between ambitions, challenges and reality (Central Africa Report n. 3). Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/CentralAfricaReportNo3.pdf | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Mokam, D. (2012). The search for a Cameroonian model of democracy or the search for the domination of the state party: 1966-2006. Cadernos de Estudos Africanos, 23, 85-108. https://doi.org/10.4000/cea.533 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Murithi. T. (2008). The African Union's evolving role in peace operations: The African Union Mission in Burundi, the African Union Mission in Sudan and the African Union Mission in Somalia. African Security Review, 17(1), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2008.9627460 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Mwanasali, M. (2008). From non-interference to non-indifference: The emerging doctrine of conflict prevention in Africa. Em J. Akokpari, A. Muvumba e T. Murithi (eds.), African Union and its institutions (pp. 41-62). Fanele. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Nagar, D. e Nganje, F. (2018). The African Union and its relations with Sub-Regional Economic Communities. Em T. Karbo e T. Murithi (eds.), The African Union: Autocracy, diplomacy and peacebuild in Africa (pp. 205-231). I. B. Tauris. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Nana, G. (2016). Language ideology and the colonial legacy in Cameroon schools: A historical perspective. Journal of Education and Training, 4(4), 168-196. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v4i4.1385 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Okereke, C. (2018). Analysing Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 10(3), 8-12. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Pedneault, J. e Sheppard, B. (2018). "These killings can be stopped": Government and separatist groups abuses in Cameroon's Anglophone Regions. Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/07/19/these-killings-can-be-stopped/abuses-government-and-separatist-groups-cameroons | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Reno, W. (2011). Warfare in independent Africa. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511993428 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Song, J. M. N. (2020). Cameroon's escalating Anglophone crisis shows little sign of abating. Deutsche Welle. https://p.dw.com/p/3eBWD | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Taylor, I. (2010). The International Relations of Sub-Saharan Africa. Continuum. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Taylor, I. e Williams, P. D. (eds.). (2004). Africa in international politics: External involvement on the continent. Routledge https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203493175 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Ukeje, C. e Mvolo Ela, W. (2013). African approaches to maritime security: The Gulf of Guinea. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2018). Nigeria/Cameroon situation. UNHCR. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/63470 | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Williams, P. D. (2014). War and conflict in Africa. Polity Press. | |
| dc.relation | /*ref*/Willis, R., McAulay, J., Ndeunyema, N. e Angove, J. (2019). Human Rights abuses in the Cameroon Anglophone crisis. Oxford Faculty of Law Report. https://bit.ly/2XppCuX | |
| dc.rights | Derechos de autor 2021 Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad | es-ES |
| dc.rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 | es-ES |
| dc.source | Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2021); 29-47 | en-US |
| dc.source | Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; Vol. 16 Núm. 1 (2021); 29-47 | es-ES |
| dc.source | Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; v. 16 n. 1 (2021); 29-47 | pt-BR |
| dc.source | 1909-7743 | |
| dc.source | 1909-3063 | |
| dc.title | The Anglophone crisis in the Republic of Cameroon and the inaction of African conflict resolution mechanisms: The inaction of the African conflict resolution mechanisms in the Cameroon crisis | en-US |
| dc.title | La crisis anglófona en la República de Camerún y la inacción de los mecanismos africanos de resolución de conflictos: La inacción de los mecanismos africanos de resolución de conflictos en la crisis de Camerún | es-ES |
| dc.title | A crise anglófona na República dos Camarões e a inação dos mecanismos africanos de resolução de conflitos | pt-BR |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |