Implantação de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto por zona de raízes em uma propriedade rural

Abstract

Much of the sewage produced in Brazil has no form of treatment, and the evil sewage collection network covers all urban households. In rural and peripheral communities, most of the sewage generated is released in the middle in nature and ends up polluting the soil and water, both surface, the underground, increasing the risk of diseases caused by pathogens characteristic of residual water. The built wetlands- (wc) are flooded natural systems that make use of the combined system of soil and plant, which ultimately create an enabling environment for the development of microorganisms capable of treating polluted water. The treatment plants for Root Zone (ETEZR) are a type of subsurface flow wetlands where there is a filter made with sand and gravel, where plant species that are adapted to the sewer and the station deployment region are planted. They present as cheap systems and easy operation and maintenance, considered ideas for rural communities. The objective of this work was the construction of a ETEZR in a rural household with 4 residents. The selection of plants in the filter was made on the basis of adaptability to the regional sewage and weather, as well as ornamentals and repellent characteristics. Upstream of the station were built a septic tank of 1.3 m³, scaled according to NBR 7929/93, to remove solid materials from the water of the toilet, and an activated carbon tank 0.5 m³ to remove surfactant materials . They were chosen to compose the ETEZR known plants such as: Calla Lilies, Caeté, Me-anyone-can and citronella. The characterization of sewage entering the ETEZR was performed by sampling composed and parameters of COD, total solids, settleable solids, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, total phosphorus, pH and temperature had consistent values with those in the literature for domestic sewage. The construction of ETEZR was simple and inexpensive, and the final cost of the project was estimated at R$ 850.00.